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| Illustration 1 | g03432366 |
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Typical example (1) Exhaust inlet from back pressure valve (2) Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) system (3) Exhaust out (4) Nitrogen Oxide (NOx) sensor (5) Diesel Exhaust Fluid (DEF) injector (6) Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF) (7) Diesel Exhaust Fluid (DEF) supply line (8) Coolant return to engine line (9) Diesel Exhaust Fluid (DEF) pump (10) Coolant supply from engine line (11) Coolant diverter valve (12) Diesel Exhaust Fluid (DEF) tank (13) Coolant supply connector (14) Suction connector (15) Backflow connector (16) Coolant return connector (17) DEF suction line (18) DEF backflow line (19) Dosing Control Unit (DCU) (20) Electronic Control Module (ECM) | |
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| Illustration 2 | g03432395 |
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Typical example (21) Pump Electronics Tank Unit (PETU) (22) Diesel Exhaust Fluid (DEF) tank filler cap (10) Coolant supply from engine line (8) Coolant return to engine line (19) Dosing Control Module (DCU) (12) DEF Tank (7) Heated DEF line (23) Harness connections (24) DEF drain plug | |
The Diesel Exhaust Fluid (DEF) Dosing Control System consists of the following components.
- Pump Electronics Tank Unit (PETU)
- DEF injector
- DEF System Heated Lines
Pump Electronics Tank Unit (PETU)
The Pump Electronics Tank Unit (PETU) consists of the following components.
- DEF tank
- DEF pump
- DEF header
- Coolant diverter valve
- Dosing Control Unit (DCU)
The Dosing Control Unit (DCU) is mounted on the DEF pump assembly.
The DEF tank stores the DEF. The size of the DEF tank will depend on the application.
The DEF solution is made of 32.5 percent urea solution and 67.5 percent deionized water. Urea is a compound of nitrogen that turns to ammonia when heated.
Ensure that the correct specification of DEF is used. Refer to Operation and Maintenance Manual for more information.
DEF does degrade over time at elevated temperatures. Due to freezing risk, the tank, pump, and lines must be heated and designed to contain frozen DEF.
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| Illustration 3 | g03403876 |
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Typical example (1) Inlet (2) Coolant inlet (3) Backflow (4) Coolant outlet (5) Outlet (6) DEF filter | |
The pump supplies filtered DEF fluid to the DEF injector. The pump consists of inlet port (1) which is the suction side of the pump. The pump then pressurizes the fluid up to
Once the engine is shut down, the pump will start to go into a purge mode. The DEF Injector will open and the reverting valve within the pump will reverse the flow of the pump and purge the pump and pressure line. This reversed flow will route any remaining DEF fluid back to the tank.
The DEF inlet and backflow connectors have a 100 micron screen to filter any debris in the system.
Engine coolant is routed through the pump to warm the pump during cold-weather operation.
Refer to Operation and Maintenance Manual for the correct procedure to replace the DEF filter.
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| Illustration 4 | g06132474 |
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Typical example (1) DEF tank header filter (32 micron) (if equipped) (2) Coolant tubes (3) DEF level sensor (float) (4) DEF pickup tube (5) DEF tank header filter (100 micron) (6) DEF tank temperature sensor (integrated within DEF level sensor, not shown) (7) DEF quality sensor (if equipped) (8) DEF back flow tube | |
The DEF tank header is located in the DEF tank. The tank header consists of several parts and performs the following functions:
Fluid Level Sensor
There is a tank level sensor to measure the amount of usable DEF in the tank. The level sensor includes a flotation device that contains a magnet. As the fluid level changes, the float slides along a shaft that contains a series of reed switches and resistors. There are multiple reed switches for different heights of the tank. The magnetic float closes the passive reed switch and completes the circuit of resistors giving a different resistance output. The tank level sensor will send a signal to the DCU to signal that the level of DEF is low. The engine may derate. The DCU then interprets the resistance to a tank level and changes the DEF gauge.
DEF Pickup Tube
The DEF is pulled from the bottom of the tank through a filter.
DEF Tank Header Filter
At the end of the DEF Pickup tube is a 100 micron filter to filter debris from entering the system. The filter is serviceable.
DEF Tank Header Filter (If Equipped)
A 32 micron filter wraps around the coolant tubes to filter debris from entering the pickup and backflow circuits. The filter is serviceable.
Coolant Tubes
The coolant supplied by the engine will flow through the tubes when the coolant diverter valve opens. Coolant runs along the pickup tube to the bottom of the tank and then spirals around the level sensor. The heat from the coolant will thaw any frozen DEF in the tank or header. The heat will also prevent the DEF from freezing around the pickup tube.
DEF Backflow
The pump has a backflow circuit to return DEF back to the tank. The backflow tube returns the DEF to the top of the tank.
DEF Tank Temperature Sensor
At the bottom of the tank header, integrated within the DEF level sensor and near the DEF tank header filter is a tank temperature sensor. The temperature sensor is a passive thermistor. The resistance of the thermistor varies with temperature. This sensor monitors the temperature of the DEF in the tank. This temperature is used to determine when to turn on the coolant diverter valve.
DEF Quality Sensor (If Equipped)
At the bottom of the tank header next to the DEF tank header filter is the DEF quality sensor. The DEF quality sensor uses an optical Near Infra-Red (NIR) technology that takes measurements of urea concentration by measuring the chemical properties of the DEF solution. Based on these chemical properties and fluid temperature, the sensor is able to detect urea concentration with an accuracy of up to 2 percent. If the sensor detects the quality of DEF is not within specifications, a fault code will trip indicating the DEF concentration is not correct. The engine may derate.
Later engines have a DEF quality sensor installed. There is a configuration parameter in the electronic service tool called "Aftertreatment #1 DEF Quality Sensor Installation Status" that must be programmed to "Installed". The parameter is factory password protected. The DEF tank header with the DEF quality sensor is a data link type sensor. The temperature sensor and level sensor are also data link type sensors on DEF tank headers with the quality sensor.
On earlier engines, the DEF tank header does not have a DEF quality sensor installed. The DEF tank header only contains a temperature sensor and level sensor which are analog type sensors. The configuration parameter in the electronic service tool called "Aftertreatment #1 DEF Quality Sensor Installation Status" must be programmed to "Not installed".
Electric Components of the PETU
The Pump Electronics Tank Unit (PETU) consists of the following components:
Coolant Diverter Valve
Controls coolant flow to the tank and DEF pump
Power Relays
One relay controls the line heaters. The other is a main power relay to the entire PETU.
Dosing Control Unit (DCU)
This Dosing Control Unit (DCU) is an ECM that controls all the electrical components on the PETU and the DEF injector. While an ECM, this dosing control module is referred to as the DCU. The DCU receives signals from the engine Electronic Control Module (ECM).
Heated Lines
The heated lines are electrically heated lines that will turn on any time the ambient temperature is cold. These lines will thaw frozen DEF after starting in cold ambient temperatures. The heated lines will also stay heated during operation to prevent any freezing during operation.
Voltage Line Protection Module (VLPM)
The VPLM monitors the voltage of the system and protects against voltage spikes and reverse polarity. The dosing system will shut down if a high voltage is present.
DEF Level Sensor
The level sensor will measure the amount of DEF in the tank. This level sensor is made up of multiple reed switches that will open and close when a magnetic float moves over these switches. The reed switch will provide a resistance reading to the DCU that will be converted into a "DEF Level Percentage".
DEF Tank Temperature Sensor
This sensor is at the bottom of the tank and is integrated within the DEF Level Sensor.
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| Illustration 5 | g03403819 |
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Typical example (1) Flow direction indicator | |
The coolant diverter valve is located near the top of the PETU. The coolant diverter valve is a normally closed valve. The valve is a unidirectional flow valve. The system is used to thaw the frozen DEF fluid in the DEF tank before dosing occurs. Warming the system is achieved by taking warm coolant from the engine and routing the coolant through the tank and DEF pump. The coolant diverter valve will open when the tank temperature needs to be increased. Once the DEF tank temp is warm enough, the system will start dosing. The usable temperature of the DEF is between
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| Illustration 6 | g03403923 |
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Typical example (1) Electrical Connector (2) DEF Supply line (3) Coolant return port (4) Coolant supply port | |
The DEF injector is mounted to the Clean Emissions Module (CEM). The DEF injector is a valve that injects DEF as a fine spray into the exhaust gases as an atomized mist. after the Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF). The spray pattern being conical for good mixing with the exhaust is critical.
The tip of the injector, that is located in the exhaust flow, is cooled by coolant that flows through an internal coolant passage from the engine coolant supply.
The DEF injector can become damaged when exposed to high temperatures so it is important to keep it cooled. The coolant flow, as well as the DEF injection process, provides the cooling capability needed to protect the injector.
High temperatures at engine shutdown can exceed the hardware limit of the DEF injector and damage the injector tip. To protect the DEF injector from high temperature at engine shutdown, the "Delayed Engine Shutdown" (DES) strategy will run for a time after the engine start switch key is turned to the OFF position. This strategy allows the engine to continue running to prevent high exhaust temperatures from damaging the DEF injector at engine shutdown. Once the exhaust temperatures are below a threshold, the DEF injector is cooled and the engine will shutdown.
Some applications may use an Injector Coolant Tank (ICT) instead of DES to protect the DEF injector. ICT provides a reservoir of coolant above the injector which keeps the injector cooled so that high exhaust temperatures at engine shutdown will not damage the DEF injector. Coolant boils at the DEF injector and vapor travels up into ICT while liquid coolant from ICT backfills coolant lost to boiling. Energy lost to boiling helps to maintain the DEF injector temperatures below hardware limits.
There are two NOx sensors supplied with the engine. One NOx sensor is installed in the Clean Emissions Module (CEM). The other NOx sensor is installed in the exhaust pipe of the application.
The engine produces NOx as the engine operates. The engine out NOx sensor measures the amount and communicates that value to the Diesel Exhaust Fluid Control Unit (DCU). The tailpipe out NOx sensor monitors the NOx level out of the catalyst and communicates that value to the DCU. Based on the engine out and the tail pipe out NOx sensor values, the flow rate of the Diesel Exhaust Fluid (DEF) will adjust to meet the desired tail pipe out target.
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| Illustration 7 | g03403971 |
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Typical example (1) Sensing unit (2) Cable (black for engine out, gray for CEM out) (3) Sensor electronic control unit (4) Electrical connector | |
The NOx sensor contains a sensing element, a harness, and an electronic control unit. The sensing element is composed of two chambers and a heater. The first chamber measures the amount of oxygen and the second chamber measure the amount of NOx and NH3. Using electrochemistry, a ceramic material attracts ions at approximately
The DEF flows in the heated lines from the DEF tank to the pump in the Dosing Control Unit (DCU). The DEF then travels through another heated line from the DCU to the DEF injector. The heated lines are heated by an electrical resistance.
Even though the system has been purged of DEF there are small quantities of DEF that can be left behind. The DEF supply line, suction, and the back flow line are heated to thaw any remaining DEF in the lines. The heated lines will prevent restrictions in the pump and injector once the system begins to dose.
The heated lines have the following characteristics.
- Thermoplastic core tube with fabric reinforcement
- Stainless steel heating wire
- Extruded thermoplastic jacket
- Heat/abrasion shield
- Quick disconnect connector
Since DEF freezes at
Engine coolant is supplied to the PETU. The coolant diverter valve will turn on anytime the DEF Tank temperature is less the
The DEF dosing system must be fully functional within 70 minutes following initial start-up.
Note: If the DEF has not been removed from the lines and pump during cold-weather operation, the DEF will expand as the fluid freezes and damage the pump. For this reason the purge process must be followed in cold weather. The purge process will take 2 minutes of run time. Do NOT turn off battery power until this pump has completed the purge cycle.
Delayed Engine Shutdown (If Equipped)
The "Delayed Engine Shutdown" strategy allows the engine to run for a time after the engine start switch key is turned to the OFF position to cool the engine and system components. The engine start switch key may be removed.
Note: There may be regulations that define the requirements for the operator and/or support personnel to be present when the engine is running.
Note: The DEF purge process will run for 2 minutes once the engine is shutdown and must complete. The purge process may occur during "Delayed Engine Shutdown". It is important not to turn the battery disconnect switch OFF during the purge process. Do not turn the battery power disconnect switch OFF until battery disconnect switch indicator lamp has turned OFF. If the purge process does not complete, a diagnostic code will become active.
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Leaving the machine unattended when the engine is running may result in personal injury or death. Before leaving the machine operator station, neutralize the travel controls, lower the work tools to the ground and deactivate all work tools, and place the lever for the hydraulic lockout control in the LOCKED position. |
Leaving the engine unattended while running may result in property damage in the event of a malfunction.
Note: An authorized dealer can change the maximum run time value up to 30 minutes, but the default setting is 15 minutes.
Note: To override delayed engine shutdown and stop the engine, turn the engine start switch key to the STOP position. Overriding the delayed engine shutdown may reduce engine and system component life. A warning message and/or audible alarm will be initiated and a fault code will be logged for improper engine shutdown.
Note: At any time during a delayed engine shutdown, the engine start switch key may be turned to the ON position. The engine may be placed back into service.
Inducement is defined as something that helps bring about an action or a desired result. The purpose of inducements is to prompt the operator to repair or perform maintenance on the emissions control system.
Inducement strategies are control actions required by Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and California Air Resource Board (ARB) Tier 4 Final and European Union (EU) Stage IV regulations. Inducement strategies ensure prompt correction of various issues in the engine NOx emissions control system. They require actions to limit engine performance and define required indications such as visual alarms including lamps and messages, as well as audible alarms, while the control actions are imposed. The times for lights, derates, and alarms will vary between EPA and EU.
The Inducements are separated into categories. DEF Level has unique inducement fault codes and is separate from the other inducement categories. While DEF level inducements are simply based on the DEF level, the other inducement categories are based on escalating time. The escalating time inducements will always have an associated fault code along with the inducement fault code. The associated fault is the root cause. The escalating time inducement fault code is just an indicator of what level of inducement the engine is in and how much time remains until the next level of inducement.
The times for each level of inducement also vary depending on if the inducement is in first occurrence or repeat occurrence. Occurrences are defined as:
First occurrence
When an escalating time inducement fault becomes active for the first time.
Repeat occurrence
When any escalating time inducement fault becomes active again within 40 hours of the first occurrence. Engine must run for 40 hours without tripping any escalating time inducement fault before it can get back on first occurrence times.
Note: Refer to Troubleshooting, "SCR Warning System Problem" for the associated codes for each of the escalating time categories.
The inducements are initiated by the engine ECM. The "Emissions Malfunction Indicator Lamp" will illuminate if any inducement fault code, including DEF level, becomes active. The system reaction is varied based on the category of the fault code and what inducement parameters are selected.
Inducements include derates and forced idle down or shutdown. When the engine derates, the rpm and torque are reduced. Using the electronic service tool, the customer can choose either idle or shutdown for a Level 3 inducement. The engine default is shutdown.
Note: Visual and audible warnings on industrial applications may vary from what is shown under the Lamp Strategy table. Industrial applications will not have audible alarms.
Programmable parameters to select different Inducements options
- Engine Emissions Operator Inducement Regulation Configuration
- Engine Emissions Operator Inducement Progress Configuration
- Engine Emissions Operator Final Inducement Action
Engine Emissions Operator Inducement Progress Configuration
“Reduced Performance” configuration allows operation of the engine for a longer time period, but the engine will progressively derate the longer the engine is operated.
“Reduced Time” configuration allows operation of the engine with full power, but for a reduced amount of time.
Engine Emissions Operator Inducement Regulation Configuration
This programmable parameter will define the emissions regulation that the engine will follow in the event an inducement becomes active. The location of the engine must be considered before selecting this parameter. The "Worldwide" configuration may be used in any region of the world and will be emissions-compliant. The "European Union" may only be selected if the engine will operate in Europe. Once the "European Union" configuration is selected, the unit cannot go back to "Worldwide". If used outside of this region the engine will not be emissions-compliant. Only a select number of industrial engines will be allowed to select "European Union" configuration. Changing configuration can only be done by an authorized distributor with factory passwords.
Engine Emissions Operator Third Level Inducement Action
This configuration determines what will happen when the third level of inducement occurs. In "Idle Down" configuration, once the engine enters the third level of inducement, the engine will experience a 100 percent derate, and the engine speed will be limited to 1000 rpm.
In "Shutdown" configuration, once the engine enters the third level of inducement, the engine will shutdown. The operator may restart the engine. The engine will run for 5 minutes at 100% derate and then shutdown. This event will occur until the issue is resolved.
Note: If low idle is set higher than 1000 rpm, then only "Shutdown" configuration can be selected.
Safe Harbor Mode (Worldwide) is a 20 minute engine run time period that the engine can be operated with full power after reaching a level 3 inducement. Once in level 3 inducement, the operator can perform a key cycle and the engine will enter Safe Harbor Mode. The safe harbor mode can be used to move the machine to a location where the machine can be serviced. If 20 minutes of engine running time has passed and the fault has not been corrected, the engine will reach final inducement with derates until the fault has been fixed. Safe Harbor Mode can only be implemented once. Safe Harbor Mode is not allowed for DEF level inducements with Worldwide configuration.
Safe Harbor Mode (European Union)
Safe Harbor Mode (European Union) is a 30 minute engine run time period that the engine can be operated with full power after reaching a level 3 inducement. Once in level 3 inducement, the operator can perform a key cycle and the engine will enter Safe Harbor Mode. The safe harbor mode can be used to move the machine to a location where the machine can be serviced. If 30 minutes of engine running time has passed and the fault has not been corrected, the engine will reach final inducement with derates until the fault has been fixed. Safe Harbor Mode can only be implemented up to three times.
Engine Emissions Operator Inducement Service Mode Override
Engine Emissions Operator Inducement Service Mode Override allows a technician to service inducement-related faults on a machine while having full engine operation and no derate effects. This mode is initiated through a connection with the electronic service tool. This mode requires a factory password to activate. Engine Emissions Operator Inducement Service Mode Override can be entered as many times as necessary and does not have a time limit. However, if electronic service tool loses connection, the Override will automatically turn off. The electronic service tool "Engine Emissions Operator Inducement Service Mode" is located in the "Diagnostic Tests", "System Troubleshooting Section" of the engine ECM.
Service Tests Which Override Inducements
There are several service tests which will be allowed to run while inducements are active. Service tests provide the ability to diagnose and fix the issue that led to inducement without the use of factory passwords. While these tests can always be run on machines, not all industrial applications will be able to run service tests while inducements are active. In those cases, the Engine Emissions Operator Inducement Service Mode Override with factory passwords will need to be used.
Service Test that Override Inducements:
- Aftertreatment System Functional Test
- Aftertreatment NOx Sensor Functional Test
- EGR System Test
- DEF Coolant Diverter Valve Test
Inducement Strategy for DEF Level (Worldwide)
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| Illustration 8 | g06152707 |
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Typical example (52) DEF Level Gauge: This gauge shows the amount of DEF in the DEF tank. (53) DEF Level Gauge Amber lamp: This amber lamp indicates that the DEF level is low. (54) Check Engine Lamp (CEL): This lamp activates for all engine and aftertreatment faults that affect the engine. (55) Emissions Malfunction Indicator Lamp (EMIL): This lamp activates for all emissions faults that trigger inducement strategy. (56) Action Lamp: For machine engines, this lamp indicates that a Level 2 or Level 3 fault is active. (57) Red Stop Lamp: For industrial engines, this lamp indicates that a Level 3 fault is active. Symbols may vary. (58) Audible Alarm: For machines, the alarm sounds when a Level 3 fault is active. | |
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| Illustration 9 | g03523436 |
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Typical example | |
If the DEF level falls below 20 percent, the DEF level gauge amber lamp will illuminate. To avoid inducements, turn the key to the OFF position and add DEF to the DEF tank.
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| Illustration 10 | g03523619 |
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Typical example | |
If the DEF level falls below 13.5 percent, the engine will be in level 1 inducement. A 1761-17 or E954 (1) Aftertreatment #1 Diesel Exhaust Fluid Tank Level : Low - least severe (1) diagnostic code will become active. The Check Engine Lamp (CEL) and Emissions Malfunction Indicator Lamp (EMIL) will illuminate solid. The DEF level gauge amber lamp will continue to illuminate.
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| Illustration 11 | g03523621 |
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Typical example | |
Note: The action lamp will not illuminate for industrial applications.
If the DEF level is below 7.5 percent, the engine will be in level 2 inducement. A 1761-18 or E954 (2) Aftertreatment #1 Diesel Exhaust Fluid Tank Level : Low - moderate severity (2) diagnostic code will become active. The DEF level gauge amber lamp, CEL, and EMIL will remain lit. The CEL and EMIL will begin to flash slowly. If the ECM is configured to "Reduced Performance" and the DEF level has reached 1 percent, the machine will have a 50 percent derate.
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| Illustration 12 | g03523622 |
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Typical example | |
Note: Industrial applications will use the stop lamp and not an action lamp. There is no audible alarm for industrial application.
If the ECM is configured to "Reduced Performance" and the DEF tank has been emptied of all DEF, the engine will be in a level 3 final inducement. If the ECM is configured to "Reduced Time" and the DEF level is 3 percent, the engine will be in a level 3 final inducement. When in level 3 inducement, a 1761 -1 or E954 (3) Aftertreatment #1 Diesel Exhaust Fluid Tank Level : Low - most severe (3) diagnostic code will become active. The DEF level gauge amber lamp, CEL, and EMIL will remain lit. The CEL and EMIL will flash at a faster rate and a red stop lamp will illuminate solid. The engine will have a 100 percent derate and be limited to 1000 rpm or low idle, whichever is greater. If the final inducement action in the electronic service tool is set to "Idle Down", then engine will continue to idle at derated condition. If set to "Shutdown", engine will shutdown after 5 minutes. The engine may be restarted, but will only run for 5 minutes at derated condition before shutting down again. This action will continue until the issue is resolved.
Note: Turn the key to the OFF position and add DEF to the DEF tank to reset the DEF level inducement.
Inducement Strategy for Escalating Time Inducement Categories (Worldwide)
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| Illustration 13 | g03523624 |
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Typical example | |
The CEL and EMIL will illuminate solid for a level 1 inducement-related fault. When in level 1 inducement, a 5246 -15 or E1389 (1) Aftertreatment SCR Operator Inducement Severity (1) diagnostic code will become active. There are three inducement categories.
If the inducement is a result of a category 1 fault, then a level 1 inducement will occur for a duration of 2.5 hours for first occurrence. For repeat occurrence, a category 1 level 1 inducement fault will occur for a duration of 5 minutes.
If the inducement is a result of a category 2 fault, then a level 1 inducement will occur for a duration of 10 hours. There is no repeat occurrence for category 2, level 1 inducement faults.
If the inducement is a result of a category 3 fault, then a level 1 inducement will occur for a duration of 36 hours. There is no repeat occurrence for category 3, level 1 inducement faults.
The CEL and EMIL will illuminate solid for a level 1 inducement-related fault. When in level 1 inducement, a 5246 -15 or E1389 (1) Aftertreatment SCR Operator Inducement Severity (1) diagnostic code will become active. There are three inducement categories.
If the inducement is a result of a category 1 fault, then a level 1 inducement will occur for a duration of 2.5 hours for first occurrence. For repeat occurrence, a category 1 level 1 inducement fault will occur for a duration of 5 minutes.
If the inducement is a result of a category 2 fault, then a level 1 inducement will occur for a duration of 5 hours. There is no repeat occurrence for category 2, level 1 inducement faults.
If the inducement is a result of a category 3 fault, then a level 1 inducement will occur for a duration of 18 hours. There is no repeat occurrence for category 3, level 1 inducement faults.
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| Illustration 14 | g03523637 |
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Typical example | |
Note: The action lamp will not illuminate for industrial applications.
If a fault condition exists for the entire duration of inducement level 1, the strategy advances to inducement level 2. When in level 2 inducement a 5246 -16 or E1389 (2) Aftertreatment SCR Operator Inducement Severity (2) diagnostic code will become active. The CEL and EMIL will remain lit. The CEL and EMIL will begin to flash slowly. The engine will have a 50% derate.
If the inducement is a result of a category 1 fault, then a level 2 inducement will occur for a duration of 70 minutes for first occurrence. For repeat occurrence, a category 1 level 2 inducement fault will occur for a duration of 5 minutes.
If the inducement is a result of a category 2 fault, then a level 2 inducement will occur for a duration of 10 hours. For repeat occurrence, a category 2 level 2 inducement fault will occur for a duration of 2 hours.
If the inducement is a result of a category 3 fault, then a level 2 inducement will occur for a duration of 64 hours. For repeat occurrence, a category 3 level 2 inducement fault will occur for a duration of 5 hours.
If a fault condition exists for the entire duration of inducement level 1, the strategy advances to inducement level 2. When in level 2 inducement a 5246 -16 or E1389 (2) Aftertreatment SCR Operator Inducement Severity (2) diagnostic code will become active. The CEL and EMIL will remain lit. The CEL and EMIL will begin to flash slowly.
If the inducement is a result of a category 1 fault, then a level 2 inducement will occur for a duration of 70 minutes for first occurrence. For repeat occurrence, a category 1 level 2 inducement fault will occur for a duration of 5 minutes.
If the inducement is a result of a category 2 fault, then a level 2 inducement will occur for a duration of 5 hours. For repeat occurrence, a category 2 level 2 inducement fault will occur for a duration of 1 hour.
If the inducement is a result of a category 3 fault, then a level 2 inducement will occur for a duration of 18 hours. For repeat occurrence, a category 3 level 2 inducement fault will occur for a duration of 108 minutes.
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| Illustration 15 | g03523639 |
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Typical example | |
Note: Industrial applications will use the stop lamp and not an action lamp. There is no audible alarm for industrial application.
If a fault condition exists for the entire duration of inducement level 2, the strategy advances to inducement level 3. When in level 3 inducement a 5246 -0 or E1389 (3) Aftertreatment SCR Operator Inducement Severity (3) diagnostic code will become active. For machines only, an audible alarm will begin to sound 20 seconds prior to the level 3 inducement. The CEL and EMIL will flash at a faster rate and a red stop lamp will illuminate solid.
The engine will have a 100 percent derate and be limited to 1000 rpm or low idle, whichever is greater. If the final inducement action in the electronic service tool is set to "Idle Down", then engine will continue to idle at derated condition. If set to "Shutdown", engine will shutdown after 5 minutes. A key cycle will allow safe harbor mode to kick in. Safe harbor is only allowed once. After safe harbor, the engine will be in level 3 final inducement. If set to "Shutdown", the engine may be restarted, but will only run for 5 minutes at derated condition before shutting down again. This action will continue until the issue is resolved.
Inducement Strategy for DEF Level (European Union)
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| Illustration 16 | g06152707 |
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Typical example (52) DEF Level Gauge: This gauge shows the amount of DEF in the DEF tank. (53) DEF Level Gauge Amber lamp: This amber lamp indicates that the DEF level is low. (54) Check Engine Lamp (CEL): This lamp activates for all engine and aftertreatment faults that affect the engine. (55) Emissions Malfunction Indicator Lamp (EMIL): This lamp activates for all emissions faults that trigger inducement strategy. (56) Action Lamp: For machine engines, this lamp indicates that a Level 2 or Level 3 fault is active. (57) Red Stop Lamp: For industrial engines, this lamp indicates that a Level 3 fault is active. Symbols may vary. (58) Audible Alarm: For machines, the alarm sounds when a Level 3 fault is active. | |
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| Illustration 17 | g03523436 |
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Typical example | |
If the DEF level falls below 20 percent, the DEF level gauge amber lamp will illuminate. To avoid inducements, turn the key to the OFF position and add DEF to the DEF tank.
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| Illustration 18 | g03523619 |
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Typical example | |
If the DEF level falls below 13.5 percent, the engine will be in level 1 inducement. A 1761-17 or E954 (1) Aftertreatment #1 Diesel Exhaust Fluid Tank Level : Low - least severe (1) diagnostic code will become active. The CEL and EMIL will illuminate solid. The DEF level gauge amber lamp will remain lit.
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| Illustration 19 | g03534876 |
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Typical example | |
When the ECM is configured to "Reduced Performance" and the DEF level is below 1 percent, the engine will be in level 2 inducement. A 1761-18 or E954 (2) Aftertreatment #1 Diesel Exhaust Fluid Tank Level : Low - moderate severity (2) diagnostic code will become active. The CEL and EMIL will illuminate and flash slowly. The DEF level gauge amber lamp will remain lit. The engine will have a 50 percent derate. When the DEF tank has been emptied of all DEF, the engine will have a 100 percent derate and be limited to 1000 rpm or low idle, whichever is greater. No further inducement action will occur for "Reduced Performance" configuration. Safe Harbor Mode is allowed for 3 key cycles.
When ECM is configured to "Reduced Time" and the DEF level is below 7.5 percent, a 1761-18 or E954 (2) Aftertreatment #1 Diesel Exhaust Fluid Tank Level: Low - moderate severity (2) diagnostic code will become active. The CEL and EMIL will illuminate and flash slowly. The DEF level gauge amber lamp will remain lit.
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| Illustration 20 | g03523622 |
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Typical example | |
Note: Industrial applications will use the stop lamp and not an action lamp. There is no audible alarm for the industrial application.
Note: The stop symbol may vary.
If the ECM is configured to "Reduced Time" and the DEF level is 0 percent, a 1761 -1 or E954 (3) Aftertreatment #1 Diesel Exhaust Fluid Tank Level : Low - most severe (3) diagnostic code will become active. The CEL and EMIL will illuminate and flash at a fast rate. An action lamp or red stop lamp will illuminate solid. The DEF level gauge amber lamp will remain lit. The engine will have a 100% derate and be limited to 1000 rpm or low idle, whichever is greater. If the final inducement action in the electronic service tool is set to "Idle Down", then engine will continue to idle at derated condition. If set to "Shutdown", engine will shutdown after 5 minutes. Safe Harbor Mode is allowed for 3 key cycles. After Safe Harbor Mode is completed, the engine will return to idle or shutdown. If in shutdown configuration, the engine may be restarted, but will only run for 5 minutes at derated condition before shutting down again. This action will continue until the issue is resolved.
Note: Turn the key to the OFF position and add DEF to the DEF tank to reset the DEF level inducement.
Inducement Strategy for Escalating Time Inducement Faults (European Union)
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| Illustration 21 | g03523624 |
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Typical example | |
The CEL and EMIL will illuminate solid for a fault a level 1 inducement-related fault. When in level 1 inducement, a 5246 - 15 or E1389 (1) Aftertreatment SCR Operator Inducement Severity (1) diagnostic code will become active. There are two inducement categories.
If the inducement is a result of a category 1 fault, then a level 1 inducement will occur for a duration of 36 hours.
If the inducement is a result of a category 2 fault, then a level 1 inducement will occur for a duration of 10 hours.
The CEL and EMIL will illuminate solid for a fault a level 1 inducement-related fault. When in level 1 inducement, a 5246 - 15 or E1389 (1) Aftertreatment SCR Operator Inducement Severity (1) diagnostic code will become active. There are two inducement categories.
If the inducement is a result of a category 1 fault, then a level 1 inducement will occur for a duration of 18 hours.
If the inducement is a result of a category 2 fault, then a level 1 inducement will occur for a duration of 5 hours.
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| Illustration 22 | g03523624 |
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Typical example | |
If a fault condition exists for the entire duration of inducement level 1, the strategy advances to inducement level 2. When in level 2 inducement a 5246 -16 or E1389 (2) Aftertreatment SCR Operator Inducement Severity (2) diagnostic code will become active. The CEL and EMIL will flash slowly.
If the inducement is a result of a category 1 fault, then a level 2 inducement will occur for a duration of 64 hours for first occurrence. For repeat occurrence, a category 1 level 2 inducement fault will occur for a duration of 5 hours.
If the inducement is a result of a category 2 fault, then a level 2 inducement will occur for a duration of 10 hours. For repeat occurrence, a category 2 level 2 inducement fault will occur for a duration of 2 hours.
The engine will have a 50 percent derate. If the fault is not corrected before the inducement duration ends, the engine will become 100 percent derated and be limited to 1000 rpm or low idle, whichever is greater. No further inducements will occur for "Reduced Performance" configuration. Safe Harbor Mode is allowed for 3 key cycles.
If a fault condition exists for the entire duration of inducement level 1, the strategy advances to inducement level 2. When in level 2 inducement a 5246 -16 or E1389 (2) Aftertreatment SCR Operator Inducement Severity (2) diagnostic code will become active. The CEL and EMIL will flash slowly.
If the inducement is a result of a category 1 fault, then a level 2 inducement will occur for a duration of 18 hours for first occurrence. For repeat occurrence, a category 1 level 2 inducement fault will occur for a duration of 108 minutes.
If the inducement is a result of a category 2 fault, then a level 2 inducement will occur for a duration of 5 hours. For repeat occurrence, a category 2 level 2 inducement fault will occur for a duration of 1 hour.
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| Illustration 23 | g03523639 |
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Typical example | |
Note: Industrial applications will use the stop lamp and not an action lamp. There is no audible alarm for the industrial application.
Note: The stop symbol may vary.
If configured to "Reduced Time" and a fault condition exists for the entire duration of inducement level 2, the strategy advances to inducement level 3. When in level 3 inducement a 5246 -0 or E1389 (3) Aftertreatment SCR Operator Inducement Severity (3) diagnostic code will become active. The CEL and EMIL will flash at a fast rate. An action lamp or red stop lamp will also illuminate solid.
The engine will have a 100 percent derate and be limited to 1000 rpm or low idle, whichever is greater. If the final inducement action in the electronic service tool is set to "Idle Down", then engine will continue to idle at derated condition. If set to "Shutdown", engine will shutdown after 5 minutes. A key cycle will allow safe harbor mode to kick in. Safe harbor is allowed up to three times. After safe harbor, the engine will be in level 3 final inducement. If set to "Shutdown", the engine may be restarted, but will only run for 5 minutes at derated condition before shutting down again. This action will continue until the issue is resolved.