Fuel Injector
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图 1 | g01009248 |
喷油器(典型示例) (1) 柱塞 (2) 泵油室 (3) 高压燃油油道 (4) 插装阀 (5) 低压燃油油道 (6) 针阀 (7) 阀室 |
当柱塞 (1) 处于其冲程的上端时,燃油流经喷油器体内的低压油道。 燃油继而流到柱塞的中心油道,然后流入柱塞下方的泵油腔 (2)。 当柱塞处于其冲程的下端时,燃油流经高压油道 (3)。 燃油流经开启的插装阀 (4),然后流入低压油道 (5)。 当插装阀关闭或被通电激励时,流经插装阀的油路被堵住。 这一封堵导致燃油压力升高,喷油开始。 喷油持续到插装阀被断电或开启。 这使得燃油能够流经插装阀。 随后,压力将降低,喷射将停止。 柱塞继续下压机油,使其流经开启的插装阀直到柱塞到达其冲程的下止点。 喷油泵弹簧使柱塞回到起始位置,循环重新开始。
电子控制模块(ECM) 经由喷油器电磁阀控制插装阀的开启或关闭确定了喷油起始点。 插装阀的开启或关闭也决定了喷油量。
在燃油喷射冲程期间,燃油从泵油室流向喷油器喷嘴。 喷嘴有一个弹簧加压的针阀 (6)。 燃油经由环绕针阀的油道流到阀腔 (7)。 在阀腔内,燃油压力将针阀顶离其阀座。 燃油此时可以经由尖端的油孔流入燃烧室。
喷油器的底部探出缸盖以下一小段距离,伸进燃烧室。 喷油器尖端外径周围有几个均匀隔开的小油孔。 这些油孔将燃油喷入燃烧室。
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