Aftertreatment - Aftertreatment is a system that is used to remove pollutants from exhaust gases. The system consists of the regeneration system, a diesel oxidation catalyst, and a diesel particulate filter.
Aftertreatment Regeneration Device (ARD) - This item is sometimes referred to as the regeneration system. The ARD is a device that intermittently raises the temperature of the exhaust gases in order to regenerate the diesel particulate filter.
Alternating Current (AC) - Alternating current is an electric current that reverses direction at a regular interval that is reoccurring.
ARD Air Pump - The ARD air pump provides a pressurized supply of air to the ARD combustion chamber
ARD Air Pump Relay - The ARD air pump relay controls the operation of the ARD air pump.
ARD Glow Plug - The ARD glow plug ignites the fuel that is injected into the ARD combustion chamber.
ARD Glow Plug Relay - The ARD glow plug relay is controlled by the ECM in order to provide power to the ARD glow plug in the ARD combustion chamber.
Before Top Center (BTC) - BTC is the 180 degrees of crankshaft rotation before the piston reaches the top center position in the normal direction of rotation.
Boost Pressure - The difference between the turbocharger outlet pressure and atmospheric pressure is commonly referred to as boost pressure. The sensor for the intake manifold air pressure measures the amount of boost.
Breakout Harness - The breakout harness is a test harness that is designed to connect into the engine harness. This connection allows a normal circuit operation and the connection simultaneously provides a Breakout T in order to measure the signals.
Bypass Circuit - A bypass circuit is a circuit that is used as a substitute circuit for an existing circuit. A bypass circuit is typically used as a test circuit.
CAN Data Link (see also J1939 CAN Data Link) - The CAN Data Link is a serial communications port that is used for communication with other microprocessor-based devices.
Clean Emissions Module (CEM) - Refer to "Aftertreatment".
Code - Refer to "Diagnostic Code" or "Event Code".
Cold Mode - Cold mode is a mode for cold starting and for cold engine operation. This mode is used for engine protection, reduced smoke emissions, and faster warm-up time.
Communication Adapter Tool - The communication adapter provides a communication link between the ECM and the Electronic Service Tool.
Component Identifier (CID) - The CID is a number that identifies the specific component of the electronic control system that has experienced a diagnostic code.
Coolant Temperature Sensor - The coolant temperature sensor detects the engine coolant temperature for all normal operating conditions and for engine monitoring.
Data Link - The Data Link is a serial communication port that is used for communication with other microprocessor-based devices.
Derate - Certain engine conditions will generate event codes. Also, engine derates may be applied. The map for the engine derate is programmed into the ECM software. The derate can be one or more of three types: reduction of rated power, reduction of rated engine speed and reduction of rated machine speed for OEM products.
Desired Engine Speed - The desired engine speed is input to the electronic governor within the ECM. The electronic governor uses the signal from the throttle position sensor, the engine speed sensor, and other sensors in order to determine the desired engine speed.
Diagnostic Trouble Code - A diagnostic trouble code is sometimes referred to as a fault code. These codes indicate an electronic system malfunction.
Diagnostic Lamp - A diagnostic lamp is sometimes called the check engine lamp. The diagnostic lamp is used to warn the operator of the presence of an active diagnostic code. The lamp may not be included in all applications.
Diesel Oxidation Catalyst - The Diesel Oxidation Catalyst is also known as the (DOC). The DOC is a device in the exhaust system that oxidizes certain elements in the exhaust gases. These elements can include carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbons and the soluble organic fraction (SOF) of particulate matter.
Diesel Particulate Filter - The Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF) filters particulates from the exhaust gases. When the particulates have built up on the internal surfaces of the DPF, the temperature of the exhaust gas is raised by the Aftertreatment Regeneration Device (ARD) in order to burn off the particulates. This regeneration process prevents the DPF from becoming blocked. The regeneration process therefore allows the DPF to continue to operate efficiently.
Digital Sensor Return - The common line (ground) from the ECM is used as ground for the digital sensors.
Digital Sensors - Digital sensors produce a pulse width modulated signal. Digital sensors are supplied with power from the ECM.
Digital Sensor Supply - The power supply for the digital sensors is provided by the ECM.
Direct Current (DC) - Direct current is the type of current that flows consistently in only one direction.
DT, DT Connector, or Deutsch DT - This is a type of connector that is used on the engines. The connectors are manufactured by Deutsch.
Duty Cycle - Refer to "Pulse Width Modulation".
Electronic Engine Control - The electronic engine control is a complete electronic system. The electronic engine control monitors the engine operation under all conditions. The electronic engine control also controls the engine operation under all conditions.
Engine Control Module (ECM) - The ECM is the control computer of the engine. The ECM provides power to the electronics. The ECM monitors data that is input from the sensors of the engine. The ECM acts as a governor in order to control the speed and the power of the engine.
Electronic Service Tool - The electronic service tool allows a computer (PC) to communicate with the ECM.
Engine Monitoring - Engine Monitoring is the part of the electronic engine control that monitors the sensors. Engine Monitoring also warns the operator of detected problems.
Engine Oil Pressure Switch - The engine oil pressure switch provides a warning of low engine oil pressure. The switch controls a warning lamp at the operator position.
Engine Speed Sensor - An engine speed sensor is a Hall effect sensor that provides a digital signal to the ECM. The ECM interprets this signal as the engine speed. Two sensors are used to provide the speed signals to the ECM. The primary sensor and the secondary sensor are associated with the crankshaft.
Event Code - An event code may be activated in order to indicate an abnormal engine operating condition. These codes usually indicate a mechanical problem instead of an electrical system problem.
Failure Mode Identifier (FMI) - This identifier indicates the type of failure that is associated with the component. The FMI has been adopted from the SAE practice of J1587 diagnostics. The FMI follows the parameter identifier (PID) in the descriptions of the fault code. The descriptions of the FMIs that are used on these engines are in the following list:
0 - The data is valid but the data is above the normal operational range.
1 - The data is valid but the data is below the normal operational range.
3 - The voltage is above normal or the voltage is shorted high.
4 - The voltage is below normal or the voltage is shorted low.
6 - The current is above normal or the circuit is grounded.
7 - The mechanical system is not responding properly.
8 - There is an abnormal frequency, an abnormal pulse width, or an abnormal time period.
10 - There is an abnormal rate of change.
11 - The failure mode is not identifiable.
12 - The device or the component is damaged.
13 - The device requires calibration.
14 - There is a special instruction for the device.
15 - The signal from the device is high (least severe).
16 - The signal from the device is high (moderate severity).
31 - The device has failed and the engine has shut down.
Flash File - This file is software that is inside the ECM. The file contains all the instructions (software) for the ECM and the file contains the performance maps for a specific engine. The file may be reprogrammed through flash programming.
Flash Programming - Flash programming is the method of programming or updating an ECM with an electronic service tool over the data link instead of replacing components.
Fuel Injection Pump - This is a device that supplies fuel under pressure to the fuel injectors and controls the injection timing.
Fuel Ratio Control (FRC) - The FRC is a limit that is based on the control of the ratio of the fuel to air. The FRC is used for purposes of emission control. When the ECM senses a lower inlet manifold air pressure (less air into the cylinder), the FRC decreases the FRC Limit (less fuel into the cylinder).
Glow Plug - The glow plug is an optional starting aid for cold conditions. One glow plug is installed in each combustion chamber in order to improve the ability of the engine to start. The ECM uses information from the engine sensors such as the engine temperature to determine when the glow plug relay must provide power to each glow plug. Each of the glow plugs then provides a very hot surface in the combustion chamber in order to vaporize the mixture of air and fuel. This improves ignition during the compression stroke of the cylinder.
Glow Plug Relay - The glow plug relay is controlled by the ECM in order to provide high current to the glow plugs that are used in the starting aid system.
Harness - The harness is the bundle of wiring (loom) that connects all components of the electronic system.
Hertz (Hz) - Hertz is the unit of frequency in cycles per second.
Inlet Manifold Air Temperature Sensor - The inlet manifold air temperature sensor detects the air temperature in the inlet manifold.
Inlet Manifold Pressure Sensor - The Inlet Manifold Pressure Sensor measures the pressure in the inlet manifold. The pressure in the inlet manifold may be different to the pressure outside the engine (atmospheric pressure). The difference in pressure may be caused by an increase in air pressure by a turbocharger.
Integrated Electronic Controls - The engine is designed with the electronic controls as a necessary part of the system. The engine will not operate without the electronic controls.
J1939 CAN Data Link - This data link is a SAE standard diagnostic communications data link that is used to communicate between the ECM and other electronic devices.
Logged Diagnostic Codes - Logged diagnostic codes are codes which are stored in the memory. These codes are an indicator of possible causes for intermittent problems. Refer to the term "Diagnostic Code" for more information.
NOx Reduction System - The NOx Reduction System recycles a portion of the exhaust gases back into the inlet air in order to reduce the formation of nitrous oxide (NOx) in the combustion process. The recycled exhaust gas passes through a cooler before being introduced into the inlet air.
OEM - OEM is an abbreviation for the Original Equipment Manufacturer. This is the manufacturer of the application that uses the engine.
Open Circuit - An open circuit is a condition that is caused by an open switch, or by an electrical wire or a connection that is broken. When this condition exists, the signal or the supply voltage can no longer reach the intended destination.
Parameter - A parameter is a value or a limit that is programmable. This helps determine specific characteristics or behaviors of the engine.
Password - A password is a group of numeric characters or a group of alphanumeric characters that is designed to restrict access to parameters.
Power Cycling - Power cycling refers to the action of cycling the keyswitch from any position to the OFF position, and to the START/RUN position.
Programmable Software - The software is programmed into the ECM. The software contains all the instructions (software) for the ECM and the software contains the performance maps for a specific engine. The software may be reprogrammed through flash programming.
Primary Speed Sensor - This sensor determines the speed of the crankshaft during engine operation. If the primary speed sensor fails during engine operation, the secondary speed sensor is used to provide the signal.
Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) - The PWM is a signal that consists of pulses that are of variable width. These pulses occur at fixed intervals. The ratio of "TIME ON" versus total "TIME OFF" can be varied. This ratio is also referred to as a duty cycle.
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Rated Fuel Limit - This is a limit that is based on the power rating of the engine and on the engine rpm. The Rated Fuel Limit enables the engine power and torque outputs to conform to the power and torque curves of a specific engine model. These limits are in the flash file and these limits cannot be changed.
Reference Voltage - Reference voltage is a regulated voltage and a steady voltage that is supplied by the ECM to a sensor. The reference voltage is used by the sensor to generate a signal voltage.
Relay - A relay is an electromechanical switch. A flow of electricity in one circuit is used to control the flow of electricity in another circuit. A small current or voltage is applied to a relay in order to switch a much larger current or voltage.
Secondary Speed Sensor - This sensor determines the speed of the crankshaft during engine operation.
Sensor - A sensor is a device that is used to detect the current value of pressure or temperature, or mechanical movement. The information that is detected is converted into an electrical signal.
Short Circuit - A short circuit is a condition that has an electrical circuit that is inadvertently connected to an undesirable point. An example of a short circuit is a wire which rubs against a vehicle frame and this rubbing eventually wears off the wire insulation. Electrical contact with the frame is made and a short circuit results.
Signal - The signal is a voltage or a waveform that is used in order to transmit information typically from a sensor to the ECM.
Supply Voltage - The supply voltage is a continuous voltage that is supplied to a component in order to provide the electrical power that is required for the component to operate. The power may be generated by the ECM or the power may be battery voltage that is supplied by the engine wiring.
"T" Harness - This harness is a test harness that is designed to permit normal circuit operation and the measurement of the voltage simultaneously. Typically, the harness is inserted between the two ends of a connector.
Throttle Position - The throttle position is the interpretation by the ECM of the signal from the throttle position sensor or the throttle switch.
Throttle Position Sensor - The throttle position sensor is an electronic sensor that is usually connected to an accelerator pedal or a hand lever. This sensor sends a signal to the ECM that is used to calculate desired engine speed.
Top Center Position - The top center position refers to the crankshaft position when the engine piston position is at the highest point of travel. The engine must be turned in the normal direction of rotation in order to reach this point.
Wait To Start Lamp - This is a lamp that is included in the cold starting aid circuit in order to indicate when the wait to start period is active. The lamp will go off when the engine is ready to be started. The glow plugs may not have deactivated at this point in time.
Wastegate - This is a device in a turbocharged engine that controls the maximum boost pressure that is provided to the inlet manifold.