3516B Generator Set Engines with Dynamic Gas Blending Caterpillar

Detonation Occurrence

Usage:

Use this procedure to troubleshoot a detonation occurrence. Also, use this procedure if one of the following event codes is active or logged.

Detonation occurrences will only limit the amount of gas that can be substituted in to the engine. The control system tries to reach the requested substitution level, but the primary focus is to protect the engine by reducing the actual amount of gas that is substituted when a detonation event occurs.

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Table 1
J1939 Code and Description	CDL Code and Description	Comment
1352-15 Engine Cylinder #1 Knock Level : High - least severe (1)	E401 (1) Cylinder #1 Detonation	The level of detonation has exceeded the trip point. Gas substitution is reduced until the level detonation goes below the trip point. The code is logged.
1353-15 Engine Cylinder #2 Knock Level : High - least severe (1)	E402 (1) Cylinder #2 Detonation	The level of detonation has exceeded the trip point. Gas substitution is reduced until the level detonation goes below the trip point. The code is logged.
1354-15 Engine Cylinder #3 Knock Level : High - least severe (1)	E403 (1) Cylinder #3 Detonation	The level of detonation has exceeded the trip point. Gas substitution is reduced until the level detonation goes below the trip point. The code is logged.
1355-15 Engine Cylinder #4 Knock Level : High - least severe (1)	E404 (1) Cylinder #4 Detonation	The level of detonation has exceeded the trip point. Gas substitution is reduced until the level detonation goes below the trip point. The code is logged.
1356-15 Engine Cylinder #5 Knock Level : High - least severe (1)	E405 (1) Cylinder #5 Detonation	The level of detonation has exceeded the trip point. Gas substitution is reduced until the level detonation goes below the trip point. The code is logged.
1357-15 Engine Cylinder #6 Knock Level : High - least severe (1)	E406 (1) Cylinder #6 Detonation	The level of detonation has exceeded the trip point. Gas substitution is reduced until the level detonation goes below the trip point. The code is logged.
1358-15 Engine Cylinder #7 Knock Level : High - least severe (1)	E407 (1) Cylinder #7 Detonation	The level of detonation has exceeded the trip point. Gas substitution is reduced until the level detonation goes below the trip point. The code is logged.
1359-15 Engine Cylinder #8 Knock Level : High - least severe (1)	E408 (1) Cylinder #8 Detonation	The level of detonation has exceeded the trip point. Gas substitution is reduced until the level detonation goes below the trip point. The code is logged.
1360-15 Engine Cylinder #9 Knock Level : High - least severe (1)	E409 (1) Cylinder #9 Detonation	The level of detonation has exceeded the trip point. Gas substitution is reduced until the level detonation goes below the trip point. The code is logged.
1361-15 Engine Cylinder #10 Knock Level : High - least severe (1)	E410 (1) Cylinder #10 Detonation	The level of detonation has exceeded the trip point. Gas substitution is reduced until the level detonation goes below the trip point. The code is logged.
1362-15 Engine Cylinder #11 Knock Level : High - least severe (1)	E411 (1) Cylinder #11 Detonation	The level of detonation has exceeded the trip point. Gas substitution is reduced until the level detonation goes below the trip point. The code is logged.
1363-15 Engine Cylinder #12 Knock Level : High - least severe (1)	E412 (1) Cylinder #12 Detonation	The level of detonation has exceeded the trip point. Gas substitution is reduced until the level detonation goes below the trip point. The code is logged.
1364-15 Engine Cylinder #13 Knock Level : High - least severe (1)	E413 (1) Cylinder #13 Detonation	The level of detonation has exceeded the trip point. Gas substitution is reduced until the level detonation goes below the trip point. The code is logged.
1365-15 Engine Cylinder #14 Knock Level : High - least severe (1)	E414 (1) Cylinder #14 Detonation	The level of detonation has exceeded the trip point. Gas substitution is reduced until the level detonation goes below the trip point. The code is logged.
1366-15 Engine Cylinder #15 Knock Level : High - least severe (1)	E415 (1) Cylinder #15 Detonation	The level of detonation has exceeded the trip point. Gas substitution is reduced until the level detonation goes below the trip point. The code is logged.
1367-15 Engine Cylinder #16 Knock Level : High - least severe (1)	E416 (1) Cylinder #16 Detonation	The level of detonation has exceeded the trip point. Gas substitution is reduced until the level detonation goes below the trip point. The code is logged.

Probable Causes

Codes
Gas fuel quality
Engine overload
Excessive inlet air pressure
Inlet air temperature
Incorrect timing calibration
Detonation sensor
Excessive deposits
Cylinder misfire
Valve lash
Low inlet manifold air temperature
Air/fuel ratio

Recommended Actions

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Table 2
Troubleshooting Test Steps	Values	Results
1. Check for Codes A. Connect Cat^® Electronic Technician (ET) to the service tool connector. B. Look for active codes that are associated with the system for the event code.	Codes	Result:An associated code is active. Repair: Troubleshoot any associated codes before continuing with this test. Result: A code is active or logged. Proceed to Test Step 2.
2. Check the Gas Fuel Quality A. Obtain a gas sample. Refer to Operation and Maintenance Manual for directions using Gas Engine Rating Program (GERP) to determine the Methane Number.	Methane Number	Result: The methane number is OK. Proceed to Test Step 3. Result: The methane number is NOT OK. Repair: Refer to Application and Installation Guide, LEBW4977, "Gaseous Fuels" to make sure the proper quality and filtration is being used. If the problem is not resolved, proceed to Test Step 3.
3. Check for Engine Overload Note: When the load that is applied to the engine is too large, the engine will run in the lug condition. When the engine is running in the lug condition, engine rpm does not increase with an increase of fuel.	Load	Result: The engine is not being overloaded. Proceed to Test Step 4. Result: The engine is being overloaded. Repair: Reduce engine load to an acceptable limit. If the problem is not resolved, proceed to Test Step 4.
4. Check for Excessive Inlet Air Pressure Note: The calculated engine load will increase as the inlet air pressure increases. A. Measure the inlet air pressure during engine operation with a load. For specific data on the engine, refer to the performance data sheet for the engine.	Air Pressure	Result: The code was not logged during a heavy load. Proceed to Test Step 5. Result: The code was logged during a heavy load. Repair: Reduce the load on the engine. If the problem is not resolved, proceed to Test Step 5.
5. Check for High Inlet Air Temperature A. Check for a restriction to the air flow through the aftercooler.	Air Temperature	Result: The inlet air temperature is OK. Proceed to Test Step 6. Result: The inlet air temperature is NOT OK. Repair: Determine the reason for high inlet air temperatures. Repair or replace damaged components. If the problem is not resolved, proceed to Test Step 6.
6. Incorrect Timing Calibration A. Perform a timing calibration on the engine. Note: Only perform this procedure if work on the engine may have affected the engine timing. Also, perform this procedure if the engine speed/timing sensor has not been calibrated	Timing Calibration	Result: The timing calibration is not correct. Repair: Refer to Troubleshooting, "Timing - Calibrate". Verify that the repair eliminated the problem. Result: The timing calibration is correct. Proceed to Test Step 7.
7. Inspect for Excessive Deposits in the Combustion Chamber A. Overfilling of engine oil can lead to deposits. Check the oil level. B. Use a borescope to inspect the cylinders. Look for the following conditions: - Deposits on the valve seats - Deposits on the valve faces - Deposits on the cylinder walls that are above the upper limit of the piston stroke - Signs of internal leaks Note: Signs of internal leaks include excessive consumption of engine oil, blue smoke, and excessive detonation.	Deposits	Result: Deposits and/or signs of internal leaks are not found. Proceed to Test Step 8. Result: Deposits or signs of internal leaks are found. Repair: Investigate the cause of the condition. Repair or replace damaged components. If the problem is not resolved, proceed to Test Step 8.
8. Check for a Cylinder Misfire Note: Cylinder misfire can lead to detonation for an engine that is heavily loaded.	Misfire	Result: There is not a cylinder misfire. Proceed to Test Step 9. Result: There is a cylinder misfire. Repair: Troubleshoot the cause of the misfire. Refer to Troubleshooting, "Engine Misfires, Runs Rough, or Is Unstable" for additional information. If the problem is not resolved, proceed to Test Step 9.
9. Check the Valve Lash Note: The valve lash can affect the performance of the engine.	Valve Lash	Result: The valve lash is OK. Proceed to Test Step 10. Result: The valve lash is NOT OK. Repair: Reset the valve lash. Refer to Test and Adjust "Valve Lash - Adjust" for additional information. If the problem is not resolved, proceed to Test Step 10.
10. Low Inlet Manifold Air Temperature A. Check the inlet manifold air temperature.	Air Temperature	Result: The inlet manifold air temperature is OK. Proceed to Test Step 11. Result: The inlet manifold air temperature is NOT OK. Repair: Troubleshoot the circuit and the temperature sensor. Refer to Troubleshooting, "Sensor Signal (Analog, Passive) - Test" for additional information. If the problem is not resolved, proceed to Test Step 11.
11. Check for Incorrect Air/Fuel Ratio A. Verify the correct mixing tubes are installed.	Mixing Tubes	Result: Mixing tubes are OK. Result: Mixing tubes are NOT OK. Repair: Install the correct mixing tubes. Verify that the repair eliminated the problem.

If the procedure did not correct the issue, contact your Cat dealer Technical Communicator (TC). For further assistance, your TC can confer with the Dealer Solutions Network (DSN).