814F Series 2 Wheel Dozer, 815F Series 2 Soil Compactor and 816F Series 2 Landfill Compactor Power Train Caterpillar

Transmission Pressures - Test and Adjust

Usage:

Show/hide table

Personal injury or death can result from sudden machine movement.
Sudden movement of the machine can cause injury to persons on or near the machine.

Prevent possible injury by performing the procedure that follows before working on the machine.

Show/hide table

NOTICE

Care must be taken to ensure that fluids are contained during performance of inspection, maintenance, testing, adjusting and repair of the product. Be prepared to collect the fluid with suitable containers before opening any compartment or disassembling any component containing fluids. Refer to Special Publication, NENG2500, "Caterpillar Dealer Service Tool Catalog" for tools and supplies suitable to collect and contain fluids on Caterpillar products. Dispose of all fluids according to local regulations and mandates.

Park the machine on a smooth, level surface.

Shift the transmission direction and speed control lever to the NEUTRAL position.

Lower the work tool to the ground.

Engage the parking brake.

Place blocks in front of the wheels and behind the wheels.

Install the steering frame lock.

Remove the front axle shafts and rear axle shafts except for stall tests.

Allow only authorized personnel on the machine. Keep unauthorized personnel off the machine and in clear sight of the operator.

Note: All tests and all adjustments must be made while the transmission oil is at normal operating temperature.

Show/hide table

NOTICE

Do not connect or disconnect hose fittings to or from the quick disconnect nipples when there is pressure in the system. This will prevent damage to the seals that are in the fitting.

Show/hide table

Table 1
Required Tools
Part Number	Description	Qty
1U-5482 ⁽¹⁾	Pressure Adapter Group	1
1U-5481	Pressure Gauge Group	1

Show/hide table

^( 1 )

The 198-4240 Digital Pressure Indicator Tool Group is available.

Diagnostic Testing of the Transmission Electronic Control

Show/hide table




Illustration 1	g00878048
Power Train Electronic Control Module (ECM)

The electronic control module (ECM) for the power train is located behind the cab. The power train ECM is installed beneath a cover panel. The main function of the ECM is shifting the transmission. The ECM receives information from the transmission controls and the auto/manual switch in order to shift the transmission to the desired speed and direction.

The ECM also controls the starting of the engine and the backup alarm. The ECM will not allow the engine to be started unless the direction control switch is in the NEUTRAL position. The backup alarm is activated when the direction control switch is in the REVERSE position.

The ECM has a built-in diagnostic system in order to detect faults in the electronic system of the transmission. The diagnostic information is displayed on the electronic display module, when the system is placed in the service mode.

Test Procedures

Show/hide table




Illustration 2	g01305856
Schematic for the Transmission Hydraulic System (1) Transmission hydraulic control relief valve (2) Torque converter (3) Torque converter outlet relief valve (4) Transmission oil filter (5) Clutch solenoid modulating valve for the Number 1 clutch (6) Clutch solenoid modulating valve for the Number 4 clutch (7) Clutch solenoid modulating valve for the Number 2 clutch (8) Clutch solenoid modulating valve for the Number 5 clutch (9) Clutch solenoid modulating valve for the Number 3 clutch (10) Clutch solenoid modulating valve for the Number 6 clutch (11) Transmission oil pump (12) Torque converter inlet relief valve (13) Suction screen and magnet (14) Oil sump (15) Transmission lubrication (16) Oil cooler (A) Pressure tap port for the pump pressure tap (B) P3 Pressure tap port for the torque converter inlet (C) Torque converter outlet pressure tap (D) Sampling valve for the transmission oil (E) Pressure tap port for the number 1 clutch (F) Pressure tap port for the number 4 clutch (G) Pressure tap port for the number 2 clutch (H) Pressure tap port for the number 5 clutch (I) Pressure tap port for the number 3 clutch (J) Pressure tap port for the number 6 clutch (K) Pressure tap port for the transmission lubrication

Show/hide table

Table 2
Transmission Pressures ⁽¹⁾
Pressure	Pressure Tap	Position of Governor Control Lever		Adjustment
Pressure	Pressure Tap	Pressure at Low Idle	Pressure at High Idle ⁽²⁾	Adjustment
Oil Pump	(A-A)	-	2725 ± 70 kPa (395 ± 10 psi)	Refer to the Adjustment For The Transmission Oil Pump Pressure.
Torque Converter Inlet Pressure "P3"	(B-B)	-	This pressure is a maximum of 980 kPa (142 psi) with cold oil. This pressure is a maximum of 827 kPa (120 psi) with oil at normal operating temperature.	-
Torque Converter Outlet Pressure	(C-C)	-	This pressure is a minimum of 415 kPa (60 psi) and a maximum of 550 kPa (80 psi) with the engine at 2100 rpm and the transmission in NEUTRAL.	Add spacers (18) or remove spacers (18) . ⁽³⁾
Number 1 clutch	(E-E)	-	2725 ± 70 kPa (395 ± 10 psi)	-
Number 4 clutch	(F-F)	-	2725 ± 70 kPa (395 ± 10 psi)	-
Number 2 clutch	(G-G)	-	2725 ± 70 kPa (395 ± 10 psi)	-
Number 5 clutch	(H-H)	-	2310 ± 140 kPa (335 ± 20 psi)	-
Number 3 clutch	(I-I)	-	2725 ± 70 kPa (395 ± 10 psi)	-
Number 6 clutch	(J-J)	-	2725 ± 70 kPa (395 ± 10 psi)	-
Transmission Lubrication Oil	(K-K)	This pressure is a minimum of 21 kPa (3 psi).	This pressure is 207 to 345 kPa (30 to 50 psi) at 2100 rpm. The transmission is in THIRD speed and in NEUTRAL position.	-

Show/hide table

^( 1 )	This data is taken when the following conditions are met: oil at normal operating temperature, parking brake engaged and installed axle shafts.
^( 2 )	The data in this column is taken with the engine at high idle. The transmission lubrication pressure is not taken with the engine at high idle.
^( 3 )	Refer to Table 4.

Show/hide table




Illustration 3	g01305404
(5) Clutch solenoid modulating valve for the Number 1 clutch (6) Clutch solenoid modulating valve for the Number 4 clutch (7) Clutch solenoid modulating valve for the Number 2 clutch (8) Clutch solenoid modulating valve for the Number 5 clutch (9) Clutch solenoid modulating valve for the Number 3 clutch (10) Clutch solenoid modulating valve for the Number 6 clutch

Test for the Transmission Clutch Solenoid Modulating Valve

This test will determine whether the solenoid coil is energized and the solenoid plunger is shifting in order to permit the flow of oil through the transmission clutch solenoid modulating valve.

Hearing the click of a solenoid or using a screwdriver to check that the solenoid coil is energized does not ensure that the solenoid plunger has shifted. The following test will determine if the solenoid plunger is shifting.

The direction clutch pressure taps and the speed clutch pressure taps are located behind the cab. The pressure taps are installed to a plate beneath the cover panel. The transmission clutch solenoid modulating valves are located on the top of the transmission beneath the cab.

Show/hide table

Table 3
Speed Range and Direction	Engaged Clutches
Fourth Speed Forward	3 and 2
Third Speed Forward	4 and 2
Second Speed Forward	5 and 2
First Speed Forward	6 and 2
Neutral	3
First Speed Reverse	6 and 1
Second Speed Reverse	5 and 1
Third Speed Reverse	4 and 1
Fourth Speed Reverse	3 and 1

Note: The 814F/F Series 2 has four forward speeds and four reverse speeds. The 815F/F Series 2 has three forward speeds and three reverse speeds. The 816F/F Series 2 has two forward speeds and two reverse speeds.

Depress the right service brake pedal and hold the right service brake pedal. Make sure that the machine is in first speed. Release the parking brake. Watch the pressure gauges. Move the transmission direction and speed control lever (if equipped) from the NEUTRAL position to the FORWARD position. Shift the transmission direction control switch (if equipped) from the NEUTRAL position to the FORWARD position.
The needle on the pressure gauge for the Number 2 clutch should rise. The needle on the pressure gauge for the Number 6 clutch should rise. With the transmission in the FORWARD position, shift through the remaining forward speeds and return to the FIRST SPEED position. Use the transmission direction and speed control lever or the transmission upshift switch to change speeds. The same pressure rise should be observed in each respective speed. This checks the operation of all the speed clutches.

Perform Step 1 for all reverse speeds. The same pressure rise should be noted in all reverse speeds.
If a pressure rise is noted, the solenoid and the related electrical circuit are functioning.
If a pressure rise is not noted, use a screwdriver to check that the solenoid coil is energized. If the screwdriver is attracted to the solenoid coil, this indicates that the solenoid coil is energized. The problem is in the solenoid cartridge. The problem could be a bent solenoid stem, a screen that is dirty or plugged, or a spring that is weak or broken.
If the screwdriver does not indicate that the solenoid coil is energized, the problem is in the electrical circuit.
ReferenceFor additional information about calibrating the transmission clutch solenoid modulating valves, refer to the Service Manual module Testing and Adjusting, "Calibration and Programming" for the machine that is being serviced.
ReferenceFor additional information about calibrating the transmission clutch solenoid modulating valves, refer to the Service Manual module Testing and Adjusting, "Fill Time for the Transmission Clutch - Calibrate" for the machine that is being serviced.

Transmission Clutch Pressure

Use the following procedure to check the pressure of the direction clutch oil and the speed clutch oil.

Show/hide table




Illustration 4	g01305816
Transmission Clutch Solenoid Modulating Valves (E-E) Pressure tap for the Number 1 speed clutch (F-F) Pressure tap for the Number 2 speed clutch (G-G) Pressure tap for the Number 3 speed clutch (H-H) Pressure tap for the Number 4 speed clutch (I-I) Pressure tap for the forward clutch (J-J) Pressure tap for the reverse clutch

Install the correct hose assembly from the 1U-5482 Pressure Adapter Group on pressure tap (E-E) through pressure tap (J-J). Attach the opposite end of the hose assembly to the 0 to 3400 kPa (0 to 580 psi) pressure gauge in the 1U-5481 Pressure Gauge Group .

Engage the parking brake. Shift the transmission direction and speed control lever to the NEUTRAL position (if equipped). Shift the transmission direction control switch to the NEUTRAL position (if equipped). Start the engine and operate the engine at low idle.

Use the transmission neutralizer override switch in order to disengage the transmission neutralizer.

Depress the right service brake pedal and hold the right service brake pedal. Make sure that the machine is in first speed. Release the parking brake. Watch the pressure gauges. Shift the transmission direction and speed control lever from the NEUTRAL position to the FORWARD position (if equipped). Shift the transmission direction control switch from the NEUTRAL position to the FORWARD position (if equipped). Increase the engine speed to high idle. Make sure that the transmission oil is at normal operating temperature. The pressure reading for the Number 2 clutch should rise. The pressure reading for the Number 6 clutch should rise. The pressure readings must be within the values in Table 2.
With the transmission in the FORWARD position, shift through the remaining forward speeds and return to the FIRST SPEED position. Use the transmission direction and speed control lever (if equipped) or the transmission upshift switch (if equipped) to change speeds. The pressure reading for each energized clutch must be within the values in Table 2. This checks the pressure of all the speed clutches.

Perform Step 4 for all reverse speeds. The same pressure levels should be noted in all reverse speeds.

Test For The Lubrication Oil Pressure

Use the following procedure to check the pressure of the transmission lubrication oil.

Show/hide table




Illustration 5	g01305455
Pressure Tap for Transmission Lubrication Oil (K-K) Transmission lubrication pressure tap

The pressure tap for the transmission lubrication oil is located behind the cab. The pressure tap is installed to a plate beneath the cover panel.

Install the correct hose assembly from the 1U-5482 Pressure Adapter Group on pressure tap (K-K). Attach the opposite end of the hose assembly to the 0 to 400 kPa (0 to 58 psi) pressure gauge in the 1U-5481 Pressure Gauge Group .

Start the engine and operate the engine at high idle. Observe the pressure gauge. With the oil at normal operating temperature, the lubrication oil pressure must be within the values in Table 2.

Torque Converter Outlet Pressure

Test of the Torque Converter Outlet Pressure

Use the following procedure to check oil pressure at the torque converter outlet.

Show/hide table




Illustration 6	g01305495
Torque Converter Outlet (C-C) Torque converter outlet pressure tap

The pressure tap for the torque converter outlet is located behind the cab. The pressure tap is installed to a plate beneath the cover panel.

Install the correct hose assembly from the 1U-5482 Pressure Adapter Group on pressure tap (C-C). Attach the opposite end of the hose assembly to the 0 to 1000 kPa (0 to 145 psi) pressure gauge in the 1U-5481 Pressure Gauge Group .

Start the engine and operate the engine at high idle. Observe the pressure gauge. With the oil at normal operating temperature, the torque converter outlet pressure must be within the values in Table 2.

Adjustment For The Torque Converter Outlet Pressure

Show/hide table




Illustration 7	g01305528
(3) Output relief valve for the torque converter (18) Cover

Show/hide table




Illustration 8	g01024016
Torque Converter Outlet Relief Valve (18) Cover (19) Relief valve spool (20) Spacers (21) Spring

Show/hide table

Table 4
Spacers
Pressure Change for the Valve ⁽¹⁾
Description	Thickness	Pressure Change	Location of Spacers
4M-1751 Spacer (18)	0.41 mm (.016 inch)	19 kPa (2.7 psi)	Outlet relief valve (3)
5S-7001 Spacer (18)	0.91 mm (.036 inch)	40 kPa (6 psi)	Outlet relief valve (3)

Show/hide table

^( 1 )

Result of the addition of one spacer or the removal of one spacer to the valve.

Remove cover (18) from the torque converter outlet relief valve.
Note: Remove the cover slowly in order to keep the spring in the housing.

Remove spring (21) and spacers (20) from spool (19) within the valve.

Add or remove spacers (20) from the pack of springs in order to attain the desired pressure.
ReferenceRefer to Table 4 for information about the spacers.

Install spacers (20) and spring (21) .

Install cover (18) and tighten the bolts.

Transmission Oil Pump Pressure

Test For The Transmission Oil Pump Pressure

Use the following procedure to check transmission oil pump pressure.

Show/hide table




Illustration 9	g01305577
(1) Transmission Hydraulic Control Relief Valve

The transmission hydraulic control relief valve is located on the left side of the machine on the torque converter housing.

Show/hide table




Illustration 10	g01305574
(A-A) Pressure tap for the transmission oil pump.

The transmission oil pump pressure tap is located behind the cab. The pressure tap is installed to a plate beneath the cover panel.

Install the correct hose assembly from the 1U-5482 Pressure Adapter Group on pressure tap (A-A). Attach the opposite end of the hose assembly to the 0 to 3400 kPa (0 to 580 psi) pressure gauge in the 1U-5481 Pressure Gauge Group .

Start the engine and operate the engine at high idle. Observe the pressure gauges. With the oil at normal operating temperature, the transmission oil pump pressure must be within the values in Table 2.

Adjustment For The Transmission Oil Pump Pressure

Show/hide table




Illustration 11	g01305577
(1) Transmission Hydraulic Control Relief Valve

The transmission hydraulic control relief valve is located on the left side of the machine on the torque converter housing.

Show/hide table




Illustration 12	g01024027
Transmission Hydraulic Control Relief Valve (22) Cover

Show/hide table




Illustration 13	g01024029
Transmission Hydraulic Control Relief Valve (23) Adjustment screw

Show/hide table




Illustration 14	g01305574
(A-A) Pressure tap for the transmission oil pump.

The transmission oil pump pressure tap is located behind the cab. The pressure tap is installed to a plate beneath the cover panel.

If the transmission oil pump pressure at pressure tap (A-A) is not within the values in Table 2, adjust the spring of the transmission hydraulic control relief valve. Use the following procedure.

Remove cover (22) .

Turn adjustment screw (23) in the proper direction.
Turning the adjustment screw clockwise increases pump pressure. Turning the adjustment screw counterclockwise decreases pump pressure. One full turn of the adjustment screw changes pump pressure 160 kPa (23 psi).

Install cover (22) .

Check the transmission oil pump pressure again. Make sure that the transmission oil pump pressure is within the value in Table 2.

Torque Converter Inlet Pressure

Test For Inlet Pressure for the Transmission

Show/hide table




Illustration 15	g01305577
(1) Transmission Hydraulic Control Relief Valve

The transmission hydraulic control relief valve is located on the left side of the machine on the torque converter housing.

Show/hide table




Illustration 16	g01306275
(B-B) Pressure tap for the P3 torque converter Inlet oil pressure.

The torque converter inlet pressure tap is located behind the cab. The pressure tap is installed to a plate beneath the cover panel.

Install the correct hose assembly from the 1U-5482 Pressure Adapter Group on pressure tap (B-B). Attach the opposite end of the hose assembly to the 0 to 2000 kPa (0 to 290 psi) pressure gauge in the 1U-5481 Pressure Gauge Group .

Start the engine and operate the engine at high idle. Observe the pressure gauge. With the oil at normal operating temperature, the torque converter inlet pressure must be within the values in Table 2.