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| Illustration 1 | g03341085 |
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Torque Converter Drive (1) Input flange (2) Rotating housing (3) One-way clutch (4) Impeller (5) Support assembly (6) Inlet passage for converter oil (7) Output hub (8) Output shaft (9) Outlet passage for converter oil (10) Stator (11) Turbine | |
Note: The white arrows show the flow of oil while the black arrows show the flow of power.
The torque converter is made up of an impeller (4), turbine (11), output hub (7), rotating housing (2) and a stator (10) with a one-way clutch (3). The one-way clutch holds the stator in place when the torque converter is used. The one-way clutch also allows the stator to rotate freely when the torque converter is not used.
The torque converter is driven by the output gear of the transfer gears. Input flange (1), rotating housing (2) and impeller (4) are fastened together. These components are driven as a unit. Support assembly (5) is fastened to the No. 1 clutch housing of the transmission. Output hub (7) is connected by splines to the sun gear for the No. 1 clutch.
The transmission is driven by the torque converter in REVERSE, FIRST, and SECOND speeds. The torque converter is not used in THIRD through EIGHTH speeds.
| Transmission Speed | Torque Converter Drive | Direct Drive |
|---|---|---|
| Reverse | X | |
| First gear | X | |
| Second gear | X | |
| Third gear | X | |
| Fourth gear | X | |
| Fifth gear | X | |
| Sixth gear | X | |
| Seventh gear | X | |
| Eighth gear | X |
The output gear of the transfer gears rotates input flange (1). The input flange rotates housing (2) and impeller (4). Oil from the inlet relief valve for the torque converter goes into the torque converter through inlet passage (6) in the carrier for the stator. The oil is then sent to the impeller (4).
The impeller directs the oil to the blades of turbine (11) and the flow of the oil causes the turbine to rotate. The turbine directs the oil to stator (10) and the turbine causes the stator to try to rotate in the opposite direction of the turbine. The movement of the stator causes rollers (13) of one-way clutch (3) to roll between stator (10) and the carrier for the stator. The action of the one-way clutch keeps the stator from rotating. The stator now directs most of the oil back to impeller (4). The remainder of the oil goes out of the torque converter through outlet passage (9). The oil that goes back to impeller (4) from stator (10) moves in the same direction as the rotation of the impeller.
Turbine (11) rotates output hub (7). Power is sent through the output hub (7) to the input side of the transmission.
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| Illustration 2 | g03341261 |
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Detail of One-Way Clutch (12) Cam (13) Rollers (14) Springs (15) Openings in cam (16) Carrier | |
The mechanical connection between cam (12) and carrier (16) is rollers (13). Rollers (13) are in openings (15) of cam (12). Springs (14) are also in openings (15). The left side of openings (15) is smaller than the right side of openings (15) because the opening has a taper. Normally, springs (14) keep rollers (13) in the taper at the left side of openings (15).
When the speed of impeller (4) and turbine (11) is slow, stator (10) is held stationary. Rollers (13) are held in the taper of openings (15) by springs (14). There is a mechanical connection between cam (12) and carrier (16). Since carrier (16) is held stationary, cam (12) is held stationary. Since the cam cannot rotate, the stator does not rotate. The stator can send oil back to the impeller.
As the speed of impeller (4) and turbine (11) increases, stator (10) starts to rotate in the same direction as the impeller and as the turbine. When the stator starts to rotate, cam (12) starts to rotate. The movement of cam (12) causes rollers (13) to move from the tapers of openings (15). The mechanical connection between cam (12) and carrier (16) is broken. Stator (10) and cam (12) rotate freely. The stator does not send oil back to the impeller.
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| Illustration 3 | g03341126 |
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Power Flow in Direct Drive (1) Input flange (2) Rotating housing (3) One-way clutch (4) Impeller (5) Support assembly (7) Output hub (8) Output shaft (10) Stator (11) Turbine | |
Note: The white arrows show the flow of power.
The output gear of the transfer gears rotates input flange (1). The input flange rotates housing (2) and impeller (4). The impeller directs the oil to the turbine blades. The oil from the impeller rotates turbine (11). Since the ground speed of the machine is faster, the impeller is rotating at a higher speed. The oil from the impeller causes the turbine to rotate at a higher speed. As the speed of the turbine becomes faster, the oil from the turbine hits the back side of the stator blades. This action causes the stator to begin to rotate in the same direction as the turbine and the impeller. As the stator begins to rotate, the rollers of the one-way clutch move from being between the stator carrier and the stator. Since the stator is not held by the one-way clutch, the stator rotates freely. The oil from the turbine is not directed back to the impeller. The torque converter is not a fluid coupling and no torque is sent through output into hub (7). The input flange (1) is splined to output shaft (8) and the input flange rotates output shaft (8). Power is sent through output shaft (8) to the input side of the transmission.