3054C Industrial Engine and C4.4 Marine Auxiliary Generator Set Caterpillar


Electrical System

Usage:

3054C 330
电气系统是一个负极接地系统。

充电电路在发动机运转过程中工作。 充电电路中的交流发电机产生电气系统使用的直流电。

起动马达




图 1g00894520

典型实例

起动马达使发动机飞轮转动。 为了维持气缸内的燃油点火操作,转速应足够高。

起动马达有一个电磁阀。 当启动点火开关时,电气系统送来的电压会使电磁阀朝着发动机的飞轮齿圈移动小齿轮。 电磁阀内的电气触点刚好在小齿轮与齿圈啮合前闭合蓄电池和起动马达之间的电路。 这会使起动马达转动。 这种启动形式称为正位移。

当发动机开始运转时,小齿轮驱动装置的超越离合器可以防止电枢损坏。 电枢损坏是因转速过高引起的。 离合器通过切断机械连接来防止损坏。 但在松开点火开关之前,小齿轮仍与齿圈相啮合。 超越离合器中的弹簧可使离合器回到静止位置。

交流发电机




图 2g01278178

(1) 皮带轮安装轴

交流发电机可以产生下列电气输出:

  • 三相电

  • 全波电

  • 整流电

交流发电机是一个带电刷的机电式部件。 交流发电机经曲轴皮带轮由皮带驱动。 发动机运转过程中交流发电机改变蓄电池的存电量。

交流发电机通过一个安装在皮带轮后面的外部风扇进行冷却。 风扇使空气流入交流发电机前面的孔。 空气通过交流发电机背面的孔流出。

交流发电机将机械能和磁能转化为交流电流和电压。 在三相定子内旋转直流电磁场即可实现这种转化。 电磁场由流过转子的电流产生。 定子产生交流电流和电压。

交流电由三相全波整流器转化为直流电。 直流电流向交流发电机的输出端子。 整流器有三个励磁二极管。 直流电用于充电过程。

固态调节器安装在交流发电机的后端上。 两个电刷将电流导过两个滑环。 电流随后流到转子磁场。 电容器为整流器提供高压保护。

交流发电机经点火开关与蓄电池相连。 因此,交流发电机在开关处于 ON(接通)位置时才发生励磁。

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