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Work carefully around an engine that is running. Engine parts that are hot, or parts that are moving, can cause personal injury. |
| NOTICE |
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Keep all parts clean from contaminants. Contaminants may cause rapid wear and shortened component life. |
| NOTICE |
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Care must be taken to ensure that fluids are contained during performance of inspection, maintenance, testing, adjusting, and repair of the product. Be prepared to collect the fluid with suitable containers before opening any compartment or disassembling any component containing fluids. Refer to Special Publication, NENG2500, "Dealer Service Tool Catalog" for tools and supplies suitable to collect and contain fluids on Cat® products. Dispose of all fluids according to local regulations and mandates. |
| Required Tools | ||
| Part Number | Part Name | Qty |
| 1U-5470
or 198-4240 |
Engine Pressure Group
or Digital Pressure Indicator |
1 |
| 186-4045 | Tee | 1 |
| 5P-5528 | O-Ring Adapter | 1 |
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| Illustration 1 | g00296486 |
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1U-5470 Engine Pressure Group | |
The 1U-5470 Engine Pressure Group measures the oil pressure in the system. This engine tool group can read the oil pressure inside the oil manifold.
Note: Refer to Special Instruction, SEHS8907, "Using the 1U-5470 Engine Pressure Group" for more information.
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| Illustration 2 | g01124198 |
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(1) Engine oil temperature sensor
(2) Engine oil temperature sensor (3) Engine oil pressure sensor | |
- Remove engine oil pressure sensor (3) from the adapter fitting in the engine.
- Install 186-4045 Tee into the adapter fitting that is in the engine.
- Install the engine oil pressure sensor into 186-4045 Tee.
- Install a 5P-5528 O-Ring Adapter into the open port in the fitting.
- Connect the 1U-5470 Engine Pressure Group into the 5P-5528 O-Ring Adapter.
- Start the engine. Run the engine. Use SAE 15W40 oil. Refer to Operation and Maintenance Manual, "Refill Capacities and Recommendations" for recommendations.
- Record the value for the engine oil pressure when the engine is at operating temperature
100 °C (212 °F) .The minimum oil pressure at high idle should be
248 kPa (36 psi) . The minimum oil pressure at low idle should be75 kPa (11 psi) . - Compare the recorded engine oil pressure with the oil pressure indicators on the instrument panel and the engine oil pressure that is displayed on Cat ET.
- Monitor the status screen and the gauge while you increase the engine speed.
- An engine oil pressure indicator that has a defect or an engine oil pressure sensor that has a defect can give a false indication of a low oil pressure or a high oil pressure. If there is a notable difference between the engine oil pressure readings make necessary repairs.
- If the engine oil pressure is too low, refer to "Reasons for Low Engine Oil Pressure".
- If the engine oil pressure is too high, refer to "Reason for High Engine Oil Pressure".
Reasons for Low Engine Oil Pressure
| NOTICE |
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Keep all parts clean from contaminants. Contaminants may cause rapid wear and shortened component life. |
| NOTICE |
|---|
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Care must be taken to ensure that fluids are contained during performance of inspection, maintenance, testing, adjusting, and repair of the product. Be prepared to collect the fluid with suitable containers before opening any compartment or disassembling any component containing fluids. Refer to Special Publication, NENG2500, "Dealer Service Tool Catalog" for tools and supplies suitable to collect and contain fluids on Cat® products. Dispose of all fluids according to local regulations and mandates. |
- Engine oil level is low. Refer to Step 1.
- Engine oil is contaminated. Refer to Step 2.
- The engine oil bypass valves are open. Refer to Step 3.
- The engine lubrication system is open. Refer to Step 4.
- The oil pickup tube has a leak or a restricted inlet screen. Refer to Step 5.
- The engine oil pump is faulty. Refer to Step 6.
- Engine Bearings have excessive clearance. Refer to Step 7.
- Check the engine oil level in the crankcase. The oil level can possibly be too far below the oil pump supply tube. This will cause the oil pump not to have the ability to supply enough lubrication to the engine components. If the engine oil level is low add engine oil in order to obtain the correct engine oil level. Refer to Operation and Maintenance Manual, "Refill Capacities and Recommendations" for the recommendations of engine oil.
- Engine oil that is contaminated with fuel or coolant will cause low engine oil pressure. High engine oil level in the crankcase can be an indication of contamination. Determine the reason for contamination of the engine oil and make the necessary repairs. Replace the engine oil with the approved grade of engine oil. Refer to Operation and Maintenance Manual, "Refill Capacities and Recommendations" for the recommendations of engine oil.
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NOTICE Caterpillar oil filters are built to Caterpillar specifications. Use of an oil filter not recommended by Caterpillar could result in severe engine damage to the engine bearings, crankshaft, etc., as a result of the larger waste particles from unfiltered oil entering the engine lubricating system. Only use oil filters recommended by Caterpillar.
- If the engine oil bypass valves are held in the open position, a reduction in the oil pressure can be the result. This may be due to debris in the engine oil. If the engine oil bypass valves are stuck in the open position, remove each engine oil bypass valve and clean each bypass valve in order to correct this problem. You must also clean each bypass valve bore. Install new engine oil filters. New engine oil filters will prevent more debris from causing this problem. For information on the repair of the engine oil bypass valves, refer to Disassembly and Assembly, "Engine Oil Filter Base - Disassemble".
- An oil line or an oil passage that is open, broken, or disconnected will cause low engine oil pressure. An open lubrication system could be caused by a piston cooling jet that is missing or damaged. Determine the reason for an open lubrication system of the engine and make the necessary repairs.
Note: The piston cooling jets direct engine oil toward the bottom of the piston in order to cool the piston. This also provides lubrication for the piston pin. Breakage, a restriction or incorrect installation of the piston cooling jets will cause seizure of the piston.
- The inlet screen of the oil pickup tube for the engine oil pump can have a restriction. This restriction will cause cavitation and a loss of engine oil pressure. Check the inlet screen on the oil pickup tube and remove any material that may be restricting engine oil flow. Low engine oil pressure may also be the result of the oil pickup tube that is drawing in air. Check the joints of the oil pickup tube for cracks or a damaged O-ring seal. Remove the engine oil pan in order to gain access to the oil pickup tube and the oil screen. Refer to Disassembly and Assembly, "Engine Oil Pan - Remove and Install" for more information.
- Check the following problems that may occur to the engine oil pump.
- Air leakage in the supply side of the oil pump will also cause cavitation and loss of oil pressure. Check the supply side of the oil pump and make necessary repairs. For information on the repair of the engine oil pump, refer to Disassembly and Assembly, "Engine Oil Pump - Remove".
- Oil pump gears that have too much wear will cause a reduction in oil pressure. Repair the engine oil pump. For information on the repair of the engine oil pump, refer to Disassembly and Assembly, "Engine Oil Pump - Remove".
- Excessive clearance at engine bearings will cause low engine oil pressure. Check the engine components that have excessive bearing clearance and make the necessary repairs.
Reason for High Engine Oil Pressure
| NOTICE |
|---|
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Keep all parts clean from contaminants. Contaminants may cause rapid wear and shortened component life. |
| NOTICE |
|---|
|
Care must be taken to ensure that fluids are contained during performance of inspection, maintenance, testing, adjusting, and repair of the product. Be prepared to collect the fluid with suitable containers before opening any compartment or disassembling any component containing fluids. Refer to Special Publication, NENG2500, "Dealer Service Tool Catalog" for tools and supplies suitable to collect and contain fluids on Cat® products. Dispose of all fluids according to local regulations and mandates. |
Engine oil pressure will be high if the engine oil bypass valves become stuck in the closed position and the engine oil flow is restricted. Foreign matter in the engine oil system could be the cause for the restriction of the oil flow and the movement of the engine oil bypass valves. If the engine oil bypass valves are stuck in the closed position, remove each bypass valve and clean each bypass valve in order to correct this problem. You must also clean each bypass valve bore. Install new engine oil filters. New engine oil filters will prevent more debris from causing this problem. For information on the repair of the engine oil filter bypass valve, refer to Disassembly and Assembly, "Engine Oil Filter Base - Disassemble".
| NOTICE |
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Caterpillar oil filters are built to Caterpillar specifications. Use of an oil filter not recommended by Caterpillar could result in severe engine damage to the engine bearings, crankshaft, etc., as a result of the larger waste particles from unfiltered oil entering the engine lubricating system. Only use oil filters recommended by Caterpillar. |