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| Illustration 1 | g00942384 |
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Cutaway turbocharger for a water cooled exhaust manifold (typical example) (1) Turbine wheel (2) Compressor wheel (3) Outlet for the coolant (4) Inlet for engine oil (5) Bearings (6) Drain line for engine oil | |
Exhaust gas (black arrow) from the exhaust manifold enters the exhaust inlet of the turbocharger and the exhaust gas pushes the blades of turbine wheel (1). Rotation of the turbine wheel causes compressor wheel (2) to rotate. The exhaust gas flows to the exhaust elbow.
For low pressure gas, a mixture of filtered air and fuel (white arrow) is pulled through the air inlet and by compressor wheel (2). For high pressure gas, only filtered air is pulled through the air inlet. Compression of the air provides more power because the compression allows the engine to burn additional fuel with greater efficiency.
The maximum speed of the turbocharger is determined by the fuel setting, the high idle rpm, and the altitude.
If the turbocharger is providing too much boost pressure, the exhaust bypass valve opens in order to divert some of the exhaust gas away from the turbine wheel directly to the exhaust elbow.
Coolant is pumped into the turbine housing in order to cool the turbine housing. The coolant flows through outlet (3) and returns to the water temperature regulator housing.
Pressurized engine oil enters inlet (4) in order to lubricate bearings (5) and the shaft. The engine oil exits through drain line (6) and returns to the engine oil pan.