General Information for Lubricants
When you are operating the machine in temperatures below
For cold-weather applications where transmission oil SAE 0W-20 is recommended, Cat TDTO Cold Weather is recommended.
Refer to the “Lubricant Information” section in the latest revision of the Special Publication, SEBU6250, "Caterpillar Machine Fluids Recommendations" for a list of Cat engine oils and for detailed information. This manual may be found on the Web at Safety.Cat.com.
The footnotes are a key part of the tables. Read ALL footnotes that pertain to the machine compartment in question.
In order to select the proper oil for each machine compartment, refer to the "Lubricant Viscosity for Ambient Temperature" table. Use the oil type AND oil viscosity for the specific compartment at the proper ambient temperature.
The proper lubricant viscosity grade is determined by the minimum outside temperature when the machine is started. The proper lubricant viscosity grade is also determined by the maximum outside temperature while the machine is operated. Use the column on the table that is designated "Min" in order to determine the lubricant viscosity grade that is required when you start a cold machine and when you operate a cold machine. Use the column on the table that is designated "Max" to select the lubricant viscosity grade when you operate the machine at the highest temperature that is anticipated. When you start the machine, use the oil with the highest lubricant viscosity that is allowed for the temperature.
Machines that are continuously operated should use the oils with a higher viscosity in the final drives and differentials in order to maintain the highest possible oil film thickness. Refer to “General Information for Lubricants” article, “Lubricant Viscosities” tables, and any associated footnotes. Consult your Cat dealer if additional information is needed.
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Not following the recommendations found in this manual can lead to reduced performance and compartment failure. |
Recommendation for Tier 4 Engines
Cat DEO-ULS or oils that meet the Cat ECF-3 specification and the API CJ-4 oil category are required for use in nonroad Tier 4 United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) certified engines that are equipped with aftertreatment devices.
Cat DEO-ULS or oils that meet the Cat ECF-3 specification and the API CJ-4 are required for use in the applications listed below. If oils meeting the Cat ECF-3 specification and the API CJ-4 specifications are not available, oils meeting ACEA E9 may be used. ACEA E9 oils meet the chemical limits designed to maintain aftertreatment device life. ACEA E9 oils are validated using some but not all ECF-3 and API CJ-4 standard engine performance tests. Consult your oil supplier when considering use of an oil that is not Cat ECF-3 or API CJ-4 qualified.
- Nonroad EU Stage IIIB and IV type-approved engines that are equipped with aftertreatment devices
- Nonroad Japan Step 4 approved engines that are equipped with aftertreatment devices
| Cat Diesel Engines Lubricant Viscosities for Ambient Temperatures(1)(2) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Compartment or System | Oil Type and Performance Requirements | Oil Viscosities | °C | °F | ||
| Min | Max | Min | Max | |||
| Engine Crankcase for all Direct Injection (DI) Engines | Cat DEO Cold Weather (API CJ-4) | SAE 0W-40 | −40 | 40 | −40 | 104 |
| Cat DEO-ULS SYN (API CJ-4) | SAE 5W-40 | −30 | 50 | −22 | 122 | |
| Cat DEO-ULS (API CJ-4) | SAE 10W-30(3) | −18 | 40 | 0 | 104 | |
| SAE 15W-40 | −10 | 50 | 14 | 122 | ||
| (1) | Refer to Special Publication, SEBU6250, "Engine Oil" for information on the recommended and required engine oils for Tier 4 emissions certified engines. |
| (2) | Commercial oils of viscosity grades that are not included in this table may be used if they are per Cat ECF specifications. Refer to the “Cat Engine Crankcase Fluids (ECF) Definitions” table in this Special Publication, "Engine Oil" for more information. Commercial oils are second choice. |
| (3) | Factory fill oil for standard configuration machines. |
When fuels of sulfur level 0.1 percent (1000 ppm) or higher are used, Cat DEO-ULS may be used if an oil analysis program is followed. Base the oil change interval on the oil analysis.
Refer to the “Lubricant Information” section in the latest revision of the Special Publication, SEBU6250, "Caterpillar Machine Fluids Recommendations" for a list of Cat engine oils and for detailed information. This manual may be found on the Web at Safety.Cat.com.
Cat HYDO Advanced fluids are the preferred oils for use in Cat machines hydraulic systems.
Cat HYDO Advanced fluids have a 50% increase in the standard oil drain interval for machine hydraulic systems (3000 hours versus 2000 hours) over second and third choice oils when you follow the maintenance interval schedule for oil filter changes and for oil sampling that is stated in the Operation and Maintenance Manual for your particular machine. 6000-hour oil drain intervals are possible when using S·O·S Services oil analysis. Consult your Cat dealer for details. When switching to Cat HYDO Advanced fluids, cross contamination with the previous oil should be kept to less than 10%.
Note: For machines equipped with hydraulic hammers, do not use viscosity grades SAE 0W or SAE 5W oils. Refer to the “Special Applications” section in this article.
| Backhoe Loaders Lubricant Viscosities for Ambient Temperatures | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Compartment or System | Oil Type and Performance Requirements | Oil Viscosities | °C | °F | ||
| Min | Max | Min | Max | |||
| Powershift Transmission | Cat TDTO Cold Weather | SAE 0W-20 | −40 | 35 | −40 | 95 |
| Cat TDTO | SAE 10W(1) | −20 | 35 | −4 | 95 | |
| SAE 30 | 0 | 50 | 32 | 122 | ||
| Cat TDTO-TMS | Multi-Grade | −10 | 50 | 14 | 122 | |
| Front All Wheel Drive Axle and Final Drives(2) | Cat TDTO | SAE 0W-20 | −40 | 10 | −40 | 50 |
| SAE 0W-30 | −40 | 20 | −40 | 68 | ||
| SAE 5W-30 | −30 | 20 | −22 | 68 | ||
| SAE 10W | -20 | 10 | −4 | 50 | ||
| SAE 30 (3) | All temperature ranges | |||||
| SAE 50 | 10 | 50 | 50 | 122 | ||
| Hydraulic Systems | Cat HYDO Advanced 10
Cat Bio HYDO Advanced Cat Cold-Weather TDTO Cat BF-2 Cat TO-4 |
SAE 0W-20 | −40 | 50 | −40 | 122 |
| SAE 0W-30 | −40 | 50 | −40 | 122 | ||
| SAE 10W(3) | −20 | 50 | 32 | 122 | ||
| Bio HYDO Advanced | −40 | 50 | −4 | 122 | ||
| (1) | Factory fill oil for standard configuration machines. |
| (2) | Refer to table 3. |
| (3) | Factory fill oil for standard configuration machines. |
These recommendations are for backhoe loaders with a fixed rear axle (2 wheel steering). For backhoe loaders with All Wheel Steering (AWS) rear axles, refer to the lubricant recommendations in the machine Operation and Maintenance Manual.
Additional 197-0017 may be used in order to reduce brake noise.
Do not use Cat MTO or commercial M2C134-D specification oil with the 230-4017 brake disks. Do not use Cat MTO or commercial M2C134-D specification oil in any F Series Backhoe Loader rear axle.
| Lubricant Viscosities for Ambient Temperatures for Backhoe Loader Rear Axles | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Brake Disk Part Number | 197-0017 Additive Volume | Oil Type and Performance Requirements for Rear Axle | Oil Viscosity Grade | °C | °F | ||
| Min | Max | Min | Max | ||||
| 133-7234 | 1L (1.1qt)(1) | Cat TDTO 30 or Cat TO-4 30 | SAE 30 | −25 | 40 | −13 | 104 |
| Cat MTO or M2C134-D | |||||||
| Cat TDTO | SAE 0W-30 | –40 | 20 | –40 | 68 | ||
| 230-4017 | 150mL (5.1oz)(2) | Cat TDTO 30 or Cat TO-4 30 | SAE 30 | −25 | 40 | −13 | 104 |
| Cat TDTO | SAE 0W-30 | –40 | 20 | –40 | 68 | ||
| 238-5291 | 500 mL (17.0 oz)(3) | Cat TDTO 30 or Cat TO-4 30 | SAE 30 | −25 | 40 | −13 | 104 |
| Cat TDTO | SAE 0W-30 | –40 | 20 | –40 | 68 | ||
| 288-7303 | 200mL (6.8oz)(4) | Cat TDTO 30 or Cat TO-4 30 | SAE 30 | −25 | 40 | −13 | 104 |
| Cat TDTO | SAE 0W-30 | –40 | 20 | –40 | 68 | ||
| (1) | The maximum amount of 197-0017 for this brake is 2 L (2.1 qt). |
| (2) | The maximum amount of 197-0017 for this brake is 300 mL (10.2 oz). |
| (3) | The maximum amount of 197-0017 for this brake is 550 mL (18.7 oz). |
| (4) | The maximum amount of 197-0017 for this brake is 250 mL (8.5 oz). |
In order to use a non-Cat grease, the supplier must certify that the lubricant is compatible with Cat grease.
Each pin joint should be flushed with the new grease. Ensure that all old grease is removed. Failure to meet this requirement may lead to failure of a pin joint.
| Type of Caterpillar Grease by Machine Category | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Vehicle | Application Point | Typical Load and Speed | Load Factor | Ambient Temperature Range | NLGI Grade | Grease Type | |||
| ° C | ° F | ||||||||
| Min | Max | Min | Max | ||||||
| Backhoe Loaders | All Points | High | Production work with long cycles and/or constant flow implements. | −35 | 40 | −31 | 104 | 1 | Ultra 5 Moly Grease |
| −30 | 50 | −22 | 122 | 2 | |||||
| Medium | General work with regular cycles in medium applications. | −20 | 40 | −4 | 104 | 2 | Advanced 3 Moly Grease | ||
| Low | Utility work with intermittent cycles in light to medium applications. | −30 | 40 | −22 | 104 | 2 | |||
Diesel fuel must meet Caterpillar Specification for Distillate Fuel and the latest revisions of "ASTM D975-09a" and "EN 590" in order to ensure optimum engine performance. Refer to Special Publication, SEBU6250, "Caterpillar Machine Fluids Recommendations" for the latest fuel information and for Cat fuel specification. This manual may be found on the Web at Safety.Cat.com.
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| Illustration 1 | g02157153 |
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| Illustration 2 | g02052934 |
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Ultra Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD) fuel 0.0015 percent (≤15 ppm (mg/kg)) sulfur is required by regulation for use in engines certified to nonroad Tier 4 standards (U.S. EPA Tier 4 certified) and that are equipped with exhaust aftertreatment systems. European ULSD 0.0010 percent (≤10ppm (mg/kg)) sulfur fuel is required by regulation for use in engines certified to European nonroad Stage IIIB and newer standards and are equipped with exhaust aftertreatment systems. |
Misfueling with fuels of higher sulfur level can have the following negative effects:
- Shorten the time interval between aftertreatment device service intervals (cause the need for more frequent service intervals)
- Adversely impact the performance and life of aftertreatment devices (cause loss of performance)
- Reduce regeneration intervals of aftertreatment devices
- Reduce engine efficiency and durability.
- Increase the wear.
- Increase the corrosion.
- Increase the deposits.
- Lower fuel economy
- Shorten the time period between oil drain intervals (more frequent oil drain intervals).
- Increase overall operating costs.
Failures that result for the use of improper fuels are not Caterpillar factory defects. Therefore, the cost of repairs would not be covered by a Caterpillar warranty.
Caterpillar does not require the use of ULSD in non-road and machine applications that are not Tier 4/Stage IIIB/ Stage IV certified engines and are not equipped with aftertreatment devices. For Tier 4/Stage IIIB/Stage IV certified engines, always follow operating instructions and fuel tank inlet labels to insure the correct fuels are used.
Refer to Special Publication, SEBU6250, "Caterpillar Machine Fluids Recommendations" for more details about fuels, lubricants, and Tier 4 requirements. This manual may be found on the Web at Safety.Cat.com.
Diesel Exhaust Fluid (DEF) is a liquid that is injected into the exhaust system of engines equipped with Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) systems. SCR reduces emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx) in diesel engine exhaust.
Diesel Exhaust Fluid (DEF) is also known under other names including Aqueous Urea Solution (AUS) 32, AdBlue, or generically referred to as urea.
In engines equipped with SCR emissions reduction system, DEF is injected in controlled amounts into the engine exhaust stream. At the elevated exhaust temperature, urea in DEF is converted to ammonia. The ammonia chemically reacts with NOx in diesel exhaust in the presence of the SCR catalyst. The reaction converts NOx into harmless nitrogen (N2) and water (H2O).
For use in Cat engines, DEF must meet all the requirements defined by "ISO 22241-1" Requirements.
Caterpillar recommends the use of DEF available through the Cat parts ordering system for use in Cat engines equipped with SCR systems.
In North America, commercial DEF that is API approved and meets all the requirements defined in "ISO 22241-1" may be used in Cat engines that are equipped with SCR systems.
Outside of North America, commercial DEF that meets all requirements defined in "ISO 22241-1" may be used in Cat engines that are equipped with SCR systems.
The supplier should provide documentation to prove the DEF is compliant with the requirements of "ISO 22241-1".
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Cat does not warrant the quality or performance of non-Cat fluids. |
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Do not use agriculture grade urea solutions. Do not use any fluids that do not meet "ISO 22241-1" Requirements in SCR emissions reduction systems. Use of these fluids can result in numerous problems including damage to SCR equipment and a reduction in NOx conversion efficiency. |
DEF is a solution of solid urea that is dissolved in demineralized water to produce a final concentration of 32.5% urea. DEF concentration of 32.5% is optimal for use in SCR systems. DEF solution of 32.5% urea has the lowest attainable freeze point of
Caterpillar offers a refractometer, Cat part number 360-0774, that can be used to measure DEF concentration. Follow the instructions provided with the instrument. Appropriate commercial portable refractometers can be used to determine urea concentration. Follow the instructions from the manufacturer.
DEF solution is typically colorless and clear. Changes to color or clarity are indicators of quality issues. Quality of DEF can degrade when stored and handled inappropriately or if DEF is not protected from contamination. Details are provided below.
If quality issues are suspected, testing of DEF should focus on urea percentage, alkalinity as NH3 and biuret content. DEF that does not pass all these tests or that is no longer clear should not be used.
DEF is corrosive. Due to the corrosion caused, DEF must be stored in tanks constructed of approved materials. Recommended storage materials:
Stainless Steels:
- 304 (S30400)
- 304L (S30403)
- 316 (S31600)
- 316L (S31603)
Alloys and metals:
- Chromium Nickel (CrNi)
- Chromium Nickel Molybdenum (CrNiMo)
- Titanium
Non-metallic materials:
- Polyethylene
- Polypropylene
- Polyisobutylene
- Teflon (PFA)
- Polyfluoroethylene (PFE)
- Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)
- Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)
Materials NOT compatible with DEF solutions include Aluminum, Magnesium, Zinc, Nickel coatings, Silver and Carbon steel and Solders containing any of the above. Unexpected reactions may occur if DEF solutions come in contact with any non-compatible material or unknown materials.
Follow all local regulations covering bulk storage tanks. Follow proper tank construction guidelines. Tank volume typically should be 110% of planned capacity. Appropriately vent indoor tanks. Plan for control of overflow of the tank. Heat tanks that dispense DEF in cold climates.
Bulk tank breathers should be fitted with filtration to keep airborne debris from entering the tank. Desiccant breathers should not be used because water will be absorbed, which potentially can alter DEF concentration.
Follow all local regulations covering transport and handling. DEF transport temperature is recommended to be
- Nitrile Rubber (NBR)
- Fluoroelastomer (FKM)
- Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer (EPDM)
The condition of hoses and other nonmetallics that are used with DEF should be monitored for signs of degradation. DEF leaks are easily recognizable by white urea crystals that accumulate at the site of the leak. Solid urea can be corrosive to galvanized or unalloyed steel, aluminum, copper, and brass. Leaks should be repaired immediately to avoid damage to surrounding hardware.
Contaminants can degrade the quality and life of DEF. Filtering DEF is recommended when dispensed into the DEF tank. Filters should be compatible with DEF and should be used exclusively with DEF. Check with the filter supplier to confirm compatibility with DEF before using. Mesh-type filters using compatible metals, such as stainless steel, are recommended. Paper (cellulose) media and some synthetic filter media are not recommended because of degradation during use.
Care should be taken when dispensing DEF. Spills should be cleaned immediately. Machine or engine surfaces should be wiped clean and rinsed with water. Caution should be used when dispensing DEF near an engine that has recently been running. Spilling DEF onto hot components will cause harmful vapors.
DEF fluid is stable when stored and handled properly. The quality of DEF rapidly degrades when stored at high temperatures. The ideal storage temperature for DEF is between
The length of storage of DEF is listed in the following table:
| Storage Temperature | Expected DEF Life |
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| Below |
18 months |
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12 months |
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6 months |
| Above |
test quality before use |
Refer to "ISO 22241" document series for more information about DEF quality control.
Note: Dispose of all fluids according to applicable regulations and mandates.
Cat Diesel Fuel Conditioner and Cat Fuel System Cleaner are available for use when needed. These products are applicable to diesel and biodiesel fuels. Consult your Cat dealer for availability.
Biodiesel is a fuel that can be made from various renewable resources that include vegetable oils, animal fat, and waste cooking oil. Soybean oil and rapeseed oil are the primary vegetable oil sources. In order to use any of these oils or fats as fuel, the oils or fats are chemically processed (esterified). The water and contaminants are removed.
U.S. distillate diesel fuel specification "ASTM D975-09a" includes up to B5 (5 percent) biodiesel. Currently, any diesel fuel in the U.S. may contain up to B5 biodiesel fuel.
European distillate diesel fuel specification "EN 590" includes up to B5 (5 percent) and in some regions up to B7 (7 percent) biodiesel. Any diesel fuel in Europe may contain up to B5 or in some regions up to B7 biodiesel fuel.
Note: The diesel portion used in the biodiesel blend must be Ultra Low Sulfur Diesel (15 ppm sulfur or less, per "ASTM D975"). In Europe the diesel fuel portion used in the biodiesel blend must be sulfur free diesel (10 ppm sulfur or less, per "EN 590"). The final blend must have 15 ppm sulfur or less.
When biodiesel fuel is used, certain guidelines must be followed. Biodiesel fuel can influence the engine oil, aftertreatment devices, non-metallic, fuel system components, and others. Biodiesel fuel has limited storage life and has limited oxidation stability. Follow the guidelines and requirements for engines that are seasonally operated.
Inorder to reduce the risks associated with the use of biodiesel, the final biodiesel blend and the biodiesel fuel used must meet specific blending requirements.
All the guidelines and requirements are provided in the latest revision of Special Publication, SEBU6250, "Caterpillar Machine Fluids Recommendations". This manual may be found on the Web at Safety.Cat.com.
The information provided in this “Coolant Recommendation” section should be used with the “Lubricants Information” provided in the latest revision of Special Publication, SEBU6250, "Caterpillar Machine Fluids Recommendations". This manual may be found on the Web at Safety.Cat.com.
The following two types of coolants may be used in Cat diesel engines:
Preferred - Cat ELC (Extended Life Coolant)
Acceptable - Cat DEAC (Diesel Engine Antifreeze/Coolant)
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Never use water alone as a coolant. Water alone is corrosive at engine operating temperatures. In addition, water alone does not provide adequate protection against boiling or freezing. |