Air Inlet and Exhaust System Operation
进排气系统的零部件控制可供燃烧的空气质量和流量。 发动机两侧都有独立的涡轮增压器和排气歧管。 后冷器位于发动机中心的缸盖之间。 进气歧管是一组连接后冷器室与缸盖进气口（气道）的弯管。 缸体两侧都有一个凸轮轴。 这两个凸轮轴控制气门系统零部件的运动。
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| 图 1 | g00281646 |
进排气系统 (1) 排气歧管 (2) 后冷器 (3) 发动机气缸 (4) 进气口 (5) 涡轮增压器压气机叶轮 (6) 涡轮增压器涡轮叶轮 (7) 排气口 | |
在涡轮增压器压气机叶轮 (5) 的作用下，由空气滤清器过滤后的清洁进气从进气口 (4) 被吸入涡轮增压器压气机内。 涡轮增压器压气机叶轮的旋转使空气被压缩。 空气在压力作用下经导管流入后冷器 (2) 。 后冷器会降低压缩空气的温度，然后这些空气就进入各缸盖的进气室。 这些冷却后的压缩空气会充满缸盖内的进气室。 从进气室流入气缸的气流由进气门控制。
每个气缸都有两个进气门和两个排气门。 请参考系统操作, "气门机构"部分。 在进气冲程中，活塞向下移动，进气门打开。 冷却后的压缩空气从进气室吸入气缸。
在压缩冲程中，进气门关闭，活塞开始向上移动。 活塞快到压缩冲程的上止点时，燃油被喷入气缸。 这时，燃油与空气混合，燃烧开始。 燃烧所产生的力向下推动活塞做功。 活塞向上运动时，便进入排气冲程。 排气门开启，废气经由排气口压入排气歧管 (1) 。 活塞完成排气冲程之后，排气门关闭，以上过程周而复始。
废气由排气歧管进入涡轮增压器的涡轮侧， 从而带动涡轮增压器涡轮叶轮 (6) 旋转。 涡轮叶轮与驱动涡轮增压器压气机叶轮 (5) 的轴相连，从而带动压气机叶轮旋转。 最后，废气从排气口 (7) 排出。
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