The CAN data link is used by the ECM to communicate with controllers, display modules, and electronic service tools. The ECM transmits information and the ECM receives information over the CAN data link. The communications protocol and the diagnostic messages over the CAN data link follow the SAE J1939 industrial standards.
Note: The SAE J1939 industrial standards refer to the control module for the engine as the Electronic Control Unit (ECU). This manual refers to this control module as the Electronic Control Module (ECM).
Communications with electronic service tools aid the technician in diagnostics and troubleshooting for the engine and the engine subsystems. When a problem with the engine is detected by the ECM, the ECM communicates information about the problem over the CAN data link. The problem may be physically detected by one of the input or output circuits by the ECM. A problem can also be communicated via the data link to the ECM. The ECM transmits this information over the data link in a form of a diagnostic trouble code and code description.
The diagnostic trouble code has a format of a two-element code. The following terms describe the elements of the code:
Suspect Parameter Number (SPN) - The SPN is a code which is assigned to each component. The SPN identifies the origin of the problem.
Failure Mode Identifier (FMI) - The FMI is used with the SPN to provide more information that relates to the problem. The FMI may indicate that a problem with an electronic circuit or an electronic component has been detected. The FMI may also indicate that an abnormal operating condition has been detected.
The codes are displayed in the form “SPN-FMI”. The ECM also attaches a text description to the message that is transmitted over the data link. This text description is used to describe the SPN-FMI code.
The failure mode identifiers can be divided into two categories:
- Codes that indicate that a problem with an electronic circuit or an electronic component has been detected
- Codes that indicate that an engine event or a system event has been detected
The failure mode of the fault is determined by evaluating the electronic signal from the suspect circuit. Typically, the first category of code is generated when the signal for the circuit is outside the range of the sensor. The second category of code is an engine event. An engine event indicates that the sensor signal is OK, but the signal is outside the normal operating range of the engine parameter. Illustration 1 is an example that represents the evaluation of a sensor signal by the ECM.
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| Illustration 1 | g01950177 |
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Example of the typical electrical signal of a sensor (1) This area represents the normal operating range of the engine parameter. (2) In these areas, the engine is operating in an unsafe operating range of the monitored parameter. A diagnostic code that indicates an engine event will be generated for the monitored parameter. The sensor circuit does not have an electronic problem. Refer to Troubleshooting, "Engine Monitoring System" for additional information that is related to engine events. (3) In these areas, the signal from the sensor is outside of the operating range of the sensor. The sensor circuit has an electronic problem. A diagnostic trouble code that indicates that a problem with the circuit has been detected will be generated. | |
When you troubleshoot a diagnostic trouble code, be sure to evaluate the problem from the viewpoint of an interpretation of the electrical signal. Refer to the above illustration for an evaluation of the sensor signal.
Cross-Reference Information for Diagnostic Codes
Table 1 is a list of the diagnostic codes for this engine. The diagnostic codes are cross-referenced with the appropriate procedure that can be used to troubleshoot the code.
For diagnostic codes relating to the generator and EMCP control panel, Refer to Troubleshooting, UENR1210, "EMCP4.3/4.4" for more support.
Portions of this material are reprinted with permission from SAE J1939DA_201607© 2016 SAE International. SAE International is not responsible for any use or translation of this material, in whole or in part. Please contact SAE International to obtain a complete copy of SAE J1939DA_201607, the official definitive source of this standard.
| Cross-Reference from SPN-FMI Code to the Appropriate Circuit Test | |
|---|---|
| SPN-FMI Code and Description | Troubleshooting Procedure |
| 51-9 Engine Throttle Position : Abnormal Update Rate | Troubleshooting, "CAN Data Link - Test" |
| 100-1 Engine Oil Pressure : Low - most severe (3) | Troubleshooting, "Oil Pressure is Low" |
| 100-3 Engine Oil Pressure Sensor : Voltage Above Normal | Troubleshooting, "Sensor Signal (Analog, Active) - Test" |
| 100-4 Engine Oil Pressure Sensor : Voltage Below Normal | Troubleshooting, "Sensor Signal (Analog, Active) - Test" |
| 100-17 Engine Oil Pressure : Low - least severe (1) | Troubleshooting, "Oil Pressure is Low" |
| 105-0 Engine Intake Manifold #1 Temperature : High - most severe (3) | Troubleshooting, "Inlet Air Temperature is High" |
| 105-3 Engine Intake Manifold #1 Temperature : Voltage Above Norma | Troubleshooting, "Sensor Signal (Analog, Passive)" |
| 105-4 Engine Intake Manifold #1 Temperature : Voltage Below Normal | Troubleshooting, "Sensor Signal (Analog, Passive)" |
| 105-15 Engine Intake Manifold #1 Temperature : High - least severe (1) | Troubleshooting, "Inlet Air Temperature is High" |
| 110-0 Engine Coolant Temperature : High - most severe (3) | Troubleshooting, "Coolant Temperature is High" |
| 110-3 Engine Coolant Temperature : Voltage Above Normal | Troubleshooting, "Sensor Signal (Analog, Passive)" |
| 110-4 Engine Coolant Temperature : Voltage Below Normal | Troubleshooting, "Sensor Signal (Analog, Passive)" |
| 110-15 Engine Coolant Temperature : High - least severe (1) | Troubleshooting, "Coolant Temperature is High" |
| 158-2 Keyswitch Battery Potential : Erratic, Intermittent, or Incorrect | Troubleshooting, "Electrical Power Supply - Test" |
| 167-0 Charging System Potential : High - most severe (3) | Troubleshooting, "Alternator - Charging Problem" |
| 167-1 Charging System Potential : Low - most severe (3) | Troubleshooting, "Alternator - Charging Problem" |
| 167-15 Charging System Potential : High - least severe (1) | Troubleshooting, "Alternator - Charging Problem" |
| 167-17 Charging System Potential : Low - least severe (1) | Troubleshooting, "Alternator - Charging Problem" |
| 168-2 Battery Potential / Power Input 1 : Erratic, Intermittent, or Incorrect | Troubleshooting, "Electrical Power Supply - Test" |
| 168-3 Battery Potential / Power Input 1 : Voltage Above Normal | Troubleshooting, "Electrical Power Supply - Test" |
| 168-4 Battery Potential / Power Input 1 : Voltage Below Normal | Troubleshooting, "Electrical Power Supply - Test" |
| 175-0 Engine Oil Temperature 1 : High - most severe (3) | Troubleshooting, "Oil Temperature is High" |
| 175-3 Engine Oil Temperature 1 : Voltage Above Normal | Troubleshooting, "Sensor Signal (Analog, Passive) - Test" |
| 175-4 Engine Oil Temperature 1 : Voltage Below Normal | Troubleshooting, "Sensor Signal (Analog, Passive) - Test" |
| 175-15 Engine Oil Temperature 1 : High - least severe (1) | Troubleshooting, "Oil Temperature is High" |
| 190-0 Engine Speed : High - most severe (3) | Troubleshooting, "Engine Overspeeds" |
| 190-8 Engine Speed : Abnormal Frequency, Pulse Width, or Period | Troubleshooting, "Speed/Timing - Test" |
| 623-5 Red Stop Lamp : Current Below Normal | Troubleshooting, "Indicator Lamp - Test" |
| 623-6 Red Stop Lamp : Current Above Normal | Troubleshooting, "Indicator Lamp - Test" |
| 624-5 Amber Warning Lamp : Current Below Normal | Troubleshooting, "Indicator Lamp - Test" |
| 624-6 Amber Warning Lamp : Current Above Normal | Troubleshooting, "Indicator Lamp - Test" |
| 631-2 Calibration Module : Erratic, Intermittent, or Incorrect | Troubleshooting, "ECM Software - Install" |
| 632-5 Engine Fuel Shutoff Valve #1 : Current Below Normal | Troubleshooting, "Fuel Shutoff - Test" |
| 632-6 Engine Fuel Shutoff Valve #1 : Current Above Normal | Troubleshooting, "Fuel Shutoff - Test" |
| 632-7 Engine Fuel Shutoff Valve #1 : Not Responding Properly | Troubleshooting, "Fuel Shutoff - Test" |
| 677-5 Engine Starter Motor Relay : Current Below Normal | Troubleshooting, "Starting - Test" |
| 677-6 Engine Starter Motor Relay : Current Above Normal | Troubleshooting, "Starting - Test" |
| 678-3 ECU 8 Volts DC Supply : Voltage Above Normal | Troubleshooting, "Speed/Timing - Test" |
| 678-4 ECU 8 Volts DC Supply : Voltage Below Normal | Troubleshooting, "Speed/Timing - Test" |
| 970-0 Engine Auxiliary Engine Shutdown Switch : High - most severe (3) | Troubleshooting, "Engine Shutdown or Start Inhibit Initiated by Driven Equipment" |
| 1268-5 Engine Ignition Coil #1 : Current Below Normal | Troubleshooting, "Ignition Primary - Test" |
| 1268-6 Engine Ignition Coil #1 : Current Above Normal | Troubleshooting, "Ignition Primary - Test" |
| 1269-5 Engine Ignition Coil #2 : Current Below Normal | Troubleshooting, "Ignition Primary - Test" |
| 1269-6 Engine Ignition Coil #2 : Current Above Normal | Troubleshooting, "Ignition Primary - Test" |
| 1270-5 Engine Ignition Coil #3 : Current Below Normal | Troubleshooting, "Ignition Primary - Test" |
| 1270-6 Engine Ignition Coil #3 : Current Above Normal | Troubleshooting, "Ignition Primary - Test" |
| 1271-5 Engine Ignition Coil #4 : Current Below Normal | Troubleshooting, "Ignition Primary - Test" |
| 1271-6 Engine Ignition Coil #4 : Current Above Normal | Troubleshooting, "Ignition Primary - Test" |
| 1272-5 Engine Ignition Coil #5 : Current Below Normal | Troubleshooting, "Ignition Primary - Test" |
| 1272-6 Engine Ignition Coil #5 : Current Above Normal | Troubleshooting, "Ignition Primary - Test" |
| 1273-5 Engine Ignition Coil #6 : Current Below Normal | Troubleshooting, "Ignition Primary - Test" |
| 1273-6 Engine Ignition Coil #6 : Current Above Normal | Troubleshooting, "Ignition Primary - Test" |
| 1440-17 Engine Fuel Flow Rate 1 : Low - least severe (1) | Troubleshooting, "Fuel Flow Rate is Low" |
| 1442-9 Engine Fuel Valve 1 Position : Abnormal Update Rate | Troubleshooting, "CAN Data Link - Test" |
| 1664-31 Engine Automatic Start Failed | An attempt from the automatic start system failed to start the engine due to an overcrank condition. The starting attempt has exceeded the time that is programmed for the "Crank Duration" parameter.
Activation of this code latches an engine shutdown condition. The power to the ECM must be cycled prior to any additional attempts to start the engine. For troubleshooting information that is related to this diagnostic code, refer to Troubleshooting, "Engine Cranks, but Does Not Start". |
| 1696-15 Engine Exhaust Gas Oxygen Sensor Closed Loop Operation : High | The Inner loop O2 sensor does not cross stoichiometry for more than one minute of closed loop operation. The engine out O2 sensor voltage is not switching and is stuck in the low side for one minute. The engine is running too lean. Check for more active diagnostic codes, troubleshoot the active codes. Ensure that fuel pressure is within the correct range. The malfunction indication lamp is illuminated. |
| 1696-17 Engine Exhaust Gas Oxygen Sensor Closed Loop Operation : Low | The Inner loop O2 sensor does not cross stoichiometry for more than one minute of closed loop operation. The engine out O2 sensor voltage is not switching and is stuck in the high side for one minute. Indicates that the Inner loop O2 sensor does not cross stoichiometry for more than one minute of closed loop operation. The engine is running too rich. Check for more active diagnostic codes, troubleshoot the active codes. The malfunction indication lamp is illuminated. |
| 3217-3 Aftertreatment Intake %O2 : Voltage Above Normal | Troubleshooting, "Oxygen Level - Test" |
| 3227-3 Aftertreatment Outlet %O2 : Voltage Above Normal | Troubleshooting, "Oxygen Level - Test" |
| 3509-3 Sensor Supply Voltage 1 : Voltage Above Normal | Troubleshooting, "Sensor Supply - Test" |
| 3509-4 Sensor Supply Voltage 1 : Voltage Below Normal | Troubleshooting, "Sensor Supply - Test" |
| 3511-6 Sensor Supply Voltage 3 : Current Above Normal | Troubleshooting, "Sensor Supply - Test" |
| 3542-3 Requested Engine Control Mode : Voltage Above Normal | Troubleshooting, "Electrical Power Supply - Test" |
| 3542-4 Requested Engine Control Mode : Voltage Below Normal | Troubleshooting, "Electrical Power Supply - Test" |
| 3542-9 Requested Engine Control Mode : Abnormal Update Rate | Troubleshooting, "CAN Data Link - Test" |
| 3563-0 Engine Intake Manifold #1 Absolute Pressure : High - most severe (3) | Troubleshooting, "Intake Manifold Air Pressure Is High" |
| 3563-3 Engine Intake Manifold #1 Absolute Pressure : Voltage Above Normal | Troubleshooting, "Sensor Signal (Analog, Active) - Test" |
| 3563-4 Engine Intake Manifold #1 Absolute Pressure : Voltage Below Normal | Troubleshooting, "Sensor Signal (Analog, Active) - Test" |
| 3563-15 Engine Intake Manifold #1 Absolute Pressure : High - least severe (1) | Troubleshooting, "Intake Manifold Air Pressure Is High" |
| 3607-31 Engine Emergency Shutdown Indication | The ECM has detected the activation of the emergency stop switch. The ECM disables ignition and the ECM closes the gas shutoff valve. Determine the reason for the emergency stop shutdown and resolve the issue. Reset the emergency stop switch. Return the engine to service. For information that is related to troubleshooting this code, refer to Troubleshooting, "Engine Shutdown Occurrence". |
| 4244-5 Engine Run Relay : Current Below Normal | Troubleshooting, "Indicator Lamp - Test" |
| 4244-6 Engine Run Relay : Current Above Normal | Troubleshooting, "Indicator Lamp - Test" |
| 4289-0 Aftertreatment #1 Three Way Catalytic Converter Intake Gas Temperature : High - most severe (3) | Troubleshooting, "Catalytic Converter Has High Inlet Temperature" |
| 4289-3 Aftertreatment #1 Three Way Catalytic Converter Intake Gas Temperature : Voltage Above Normal | Troubleshooting, "Sensor Signal (Analog, Active) - Test" |
| 4289-4 Aftertreatment #1 Three Way Catalytic Converter Intake Gas Temperature : Voltage Below Normal | Troubleshooting, "Sensor Signal (Analog, Active) - Test" |
| 4289-15 Aftertreatment #1 Three Way Catalytic Converter Intake Gas Temperature : High - least severe (1) | Troubleshooting, "Catalytic Converter Has High Inlet Temperature" |
| 4289-17 Aftertreatment #1 Three Way Catalytic Converter Intake Gas Temperature : Low - least severe (1) | Troubleshooting, "Catalytic Converter Has Low Inlet Temperature" |
| 4290-3 Aftertreatment #1 Three Way Catalytic Converter Outlet Gas Temperature : Voltage Above Normal | Troubleshooting, "Sensor Signal (Analog, Active) - Test" |
| 4290-4 Aftertreatment #1 Three Way Catalytic Converter Outlet Gas Temperature : Voltage Below Normal | Troubleshooting, "Sensor Signal (Analog, Active) - Test" |
| 4290-15 Aftertreatment #1 Three Way Catalytic Converter Outlet Gas Temperature : High - least severe (1) | Troubleshooting, "Catalytic Converter Has High Outlet Temperature" |
| 4779-0 Aftertreatment #1 Three Way Catalyst Differential Gas Temperature : High - most severe (3) | Troubleshooting, "Catalytic Converter Has High Differential Temperature" |
| 4779-15 Aftertreatment #1 Three Way Catalyst Differential Gas Temperature : High - least severe (1) | Troubleshooting, "Catalytic Converter Has High Differential Temperature" |
| 5272-31 Unexpected Engine Shutdown | The ECM has detected that the engine is in the run mode and the engine speed falls below 100 rpm. The ECM disables ignition and the ECM closes the gas shutoff valve. The engine control switch must be cycled prior to restarting the engine. Determine the reason for the unexpected shutdown and resolve the issue. Return the engine to service. For information that is related to troubleshooting this code, refer to Troubleshooting, "Engine Shutdown Occurrence". |
| 5273-5 Crank Terminate Relay : Current Below Normal | Troubleshooting, "Indicator Lamp - Test" |
| 5273-6 Crank Terminate Relay : Current Above Normal | Troubleshooting, "Indicator Lamp - Test" |
| 5376-0 Engine Throttle Valve #1 Temperature Status : High - most severe (3) | An overtemperature warning has been sent to the ECM by the throttle actuator. This problem is caused by the radiant heat from other components that are located near the actuator. Shield the actuator from the heat source or relocate any heat source from the area around the actuator. |
| 5381-0 Engine Fuel Valve #1 Temperature Status : High - most severe (3) | An overtemperature warning has been sent to the ECM by the fuel actuator. This problem is caused by the radiant heat from other components that are located near the actuator. Shield the actuator from the heat source or relocate any heat source from the area around the actuator. |
| 5418-2 Engine Fuel Actuator #1 : Erratic, Intermittent, or Incorrect | Troubleshooting, "Fuel Actuator - Test" |
| 5418-7 Engine Fuel Actuator #1 : Not Responding Properly | Troubleshooting, "Fuel Actuator - Test" |
| 5418-12 Engine Fuel Actuator #1 : Failure | Troubleshooting, "CAN Data Link - Test" |
| 5418-13 Engine Fuel Actuator #1 : Calibration Required | Troubleshooting, "Fuel Actuator - Test" |
| 5419-2 Engine Throttle Actuator #1 : Erratic, Intermittent, or Incorrect | Troubleshooting, "Throttle Actuator - Test" |
| 5419-7 Engine Throttle Actuator #1 : Not Responding Properly | Troubleshooting, "Throttle Actuator - Test" |
| 5419-12 Engine Throttle Actuator #1 : Failure | Troubleshooting, "CAN Data Link - Test" |
| 5419-13 Engine Throttle Actuator #1 : Calibration Required | Troubleshooting, "Throttle Actuator - Test" |
| 5576-2 Aftertreatment #1 Identification Number Module: Erratic, Intermittent, or Incorrect | Troubleshooting, "Aftertreatment Identification Module - Test" |
| 5576-8 Aftertreatment #1 Identification Number Module: Abnormal Frequency Pulse Width or Period | Troubleshooting, "Aftertreatment Identification Module - Test" |
Note: Refer to Troubleshooting, UENR1210, "EMCP4.3/4.4" for more diagnostic codes.
Active Diagnostic Trouble Codes
An active diagnostic trouble code indicated that a problem with the electronic control system exists at this time. Correct the problem as soon as possible.
When the ECM generates an active diagnostic trouble code, the amber warning lamp is illuminated to alert the operator. If the condition that generated the code is momentary, the warning lamp is turned off and the diagnostic trouble code becomes logged.
Logged Diagnostic Trouble Codes
When the ECM generates a diagnostic trouble code, the ECM logs the code in permanent memory. The ECM has an internal diagnostic clock. The ECM records the following information when a code is generated:
- The hour of the first occurrence of the code
- The hour of the last occurrence of the code
- The number of occurrences of the code
This information is a valuable indicator for troubleshooting intermittent problems.
A code is cleared from memory when one of the following conditions occur:
- The service technician manually clears the code.
- The code does not recur for 100 hours.
- A new code is logged and there are already ten codes in memory. In this case, the oldest code is cleared.
Some diagnostic trouble codes may be easily triggered. Some diagnostic trouble codes may log occurrences that did not result in complaints by the operator. The most likely cause of an intermittent problem is a faulty connection or damaged wiring. The next likely cause is a component failure. The least likely cause is the failure of the control module. Diagnostic trouble codes that are logged repeatedly may indicate a problem that needs special investigation.
Note: Always clear logged diagnostic trouble codes after investigating and correcting the problem which generated the code.