 |
Hot oil and hot components can cause personal injury. Do not allow hot oil or hot components to contact the skin. |
 |
Do not drain the oil when the engine is cold. As the oil cools, suspended waste particles settle on the bottom of the oil pan. The waste particles are not removed with the draining cold oil. Drain the crankcase while the engine is stopped. Drain the crankcase while the oil is warm. This draining method allows the waste particles that are suspended in the oil to be drained properly.
Failure to follow this recommended procedure will cause the waste particles to be recirculated through the engine lubrication system with the new oil.
Drain the Engine Oil
After the engine has been run at the normal operating temperature, stop the engine. Use one of the following methods to drain the engine crankcase oil:
- If the engine is equipped with a drain valve, turn the drain valve knob counterclockwise in order to drain the oil. After the oil has drained, turn the drain valve knob clockwise in order to close the drain valve.
- If the engine is not equipped with a drain valve, remove the oil drain plug in order to allow the oil to drain. If the engine is equipped with a shallow sump, remove the bottom oil drain plugs from both ends of the oil pan.
After the oil has drained, the oil drain plugs should be cleaned and installed. Tighten the oil drain plugs to the proper torque. Refer to the Operation and Maintenance Manual, "Torque Specifications" topic (Maintenance Section) or refer to the Service Manual.
Replace the Oil Filter
| NOTICE |
|---|
Caterpillar oil filters are built to Caterpillar specifications. Use of an oil filter not recommended by Caterpillar could result in severe engine damage to the engine bearings, crankshaft, etc., as a result of the larger waste particles from unfiltered oil entering the engine lubricating system. Only use oil filters recommended by Caterpillar. |
- Remove the oil filter with a 1U-8760 Chain Wrench .
- Cut the oil filter open with a 4C-5084 Oil Filter Cutter. Break apart the pleats and inspect the oil filter for metal debris. An excessive amount of metal debris in the oil filter may indicate early wear or a pending failure.
Use a magnet to differentiate between the ferrous metals and the nonferrous metals that are found in the oil filter element. Ferrous metals may indicate wear on the steel and cast iron parts of the engine.
Nonferrous metals may indicate wear on the aluminum parts, brass parts or bronze parts of the engine. Parts that may be affected include the following items: main bearings, rod bearings, turbocharger bearings and cylinder heads.
Due to normal wear and friction, it is not uncommon to find small amounts of debris in the oil filter. Consult your Caterpillar dealer in order to arrange for a further analysis if an excessive amount of debris is found in the oil filter.
- Clean the sealing surface of the filter mounting base. Ensure that all of the old oil filter gasket is removed.
 | |
| Illustration 1 | g00103713 |
- Apply clean engine oil to the new oil filter gasket.
- Install the oil filter. Tighten the oil filter until the oil filter gasket contacts the base. Tighten the oil filter by hand according to the instructions that are shown on the oil filter. Do not overtighten the oil filter.
| NOTICE |
|---|
Do not fill the oil filters with oil before installing them. This oil would not be filtered and could be contaminated. Contaminated oil can cause accelerated wear to engine components. |
Fill the Engine Crankcase
- Remove the oil filler cap. Refer to the Operation and Maintenance Manual, "Lubricant Specifications" topic (Maintenance Section) for more information. Fill the crankcase with the proper amount of oil. Refer to the Operation and Maintenance Manual, "Refill Capacities" topic (Maintenance Section) for more information.
- Start the engine and run the engine at "LOW IDLE" for two minutes. Perform this procedure in order to ensure that the lubrication system has oil and that the oil filters are filled. Inspect the oil filter for oil leaks.
| NOTICE |
|---|
If equipped with an auxiliary oil filter or system, extra oil must be added when filling the crankcase. Follow the OEM or filter manufacturer's recommendations. If the extra oil is not added, the engine may starve for oil. |
| NOTICE |
|---|
To help prevent crankshaft or bearing damage, crank engine to fill all filters before starting. Do not crank engine for more than 30 seconds. |
- Stop the engine and allow the oil to drain back to the sump for a minimum of ten minutes.
- Remove the oil level gauge in order to check the oil level. Maintain the oil level between the "ADD" and "FULL" marks on the oil level gauge.
Optimized Oil Change Intervals
The tables for oil change intervals can be used in order to determine the optimum oil change intervals. Refer to "Oil Change Intervals for API CG-4 Multigrade Oils".
The objective of the tables for oil change intervals is maintaining engine service life and engine performance while the lubricant is fully utilized. The engine oil must be able to control the following items: corrosion, oxidation, soot and wear metals. The engine oil must be able to control the conditions during the time between oil changes. In some severe service applications, reducing the oil change interval may be necessary in order to maintain the integrity of the engine lubricant.
The items that follow are factors that are used in order to calculate an oil change interval.
- Fuel consumption
- Oil consumption
- Oil capacity
- Gross vehicle weight
- Idle time
The rate of fuel consumption is a direct result of the load factor of the engine. An engine with a high fuel consumption rate is working harder than an identical engine with a lower fuel consumption rate.
Oil consumption rates differ between engines of different design and age. An engine that consumes relatively high amounts of oil will have more fresh oil in the crankcase than an engine that consumes less oil. This assumes that the oil levels are properly maintained. Engines with large oil sumps can operate longer between oil changes. Engines with small oil sumps require frequent oil changes.
For more information about optimizing oil change intervals, consult your Caterpillar dealer.
Optimized Oil Change Intervals for API CG-4 Multigrade Oils
The following requirements must be met in order to use Tables 1 and 2:
- Use premium API CG-4 multigrade oil.
- DEO Caterpillar multigrade oil is recommended.
- S·O·S Oil analysis is taken at 16,100 km (10,000 mile) intervals and all oil change intervals. The oil analysis must evaluate oil condition, wear metals and soot. Caterpillar's Oil Analysis is preferred. Caterpillar's Oil Analysis is the only oil analysis program with wear tables and limits for soot and oxidation, that are approved by Caterpillar.
- Use premium oil filter(s). Caterpillar 1R-0716 Oil Filter or an oil filter with equivalent performance and durability is recommended.
- Use North American low sulfur diesel fuel (0.05% sulfur).
Note: Caterpillar cannot guarantee the performance of lubricants or filters that are not made by Caterpillar. Caterpillar cannot guarantee the performance of lubricants or filters that are not sold by Caterpillar. The performance guarantee of any commercially available lubricant is the responsibility of that oil company. The performance guarantee of any commercially available filter is the responsibility of the filter manufacturer.
Use the following procedures in order to determine the proper oil change interval from Table 1 and Table 2.
- Determine your average fuel consumption. Locate the column which lists your average fuel consumption.
- Determine the engine's total oil consumption in liters or in quarts. The engine's total oil consumption is based on the following capacities that have been added together: sump oil, capacity of the oil filter and oil that has been added between oil changes. Locate the row which lists your total oil consumption.
- The intersection of the column and row lists the maximum permissible number of kilometers or miles between oil change intervals.
As an example, an average fuel consumption of 2.8 km/L (6.5 mpg) was determined. This includes 45 L (48 qt) of oil. The oil change interval is 35420 km (22000 miles).
Note: The table for oil change intervals has been separated into Severe Service and into Normal Service.
| API CG-4 Multigrade Oil Maximum Permissible Oil Change Intervals For On-Highway C-10, C-12, and 3406E Engines |
|||
| Severe Service Only | |||
| Oil (1) L (Qt) |
Fuel Consumption Kilometers Per Liter (Miles Per Gallon) |
||
1.9 (4.5) |
2.1 (5) |
2.3 (5.5) |
|
| KM (Miles) To Next Oil Change (2) | |||
34 (36) |
18 515 (11,500) |
20 125 (12,500) |
22 540 (14,000) |
36 (38) |
19 320 (12,000) |
21 735 (13,500) |
23 345 (14,500) |
38 (40) |
20 125 (12,500) |
22 540 (14,000) |
24 955 (15,500) |
40 (42) |
20 930 (13,000) |
23 345 (14,500) |
25 760 (16,000) |
42 (44) |
22 540 (14,000) |
24 955 (15,500) |
27 370 (17,000) |
44 (46) |
23 345 (14,500) |
25 760 (16,000) |
28 175 (17,500) |
45 (48) |
24 150 (15,000) |
27 370 (17,000) |
29 785 (18,500) |
47 (50) |
25 760 (16,000) |
28 175 (17,500) |
31 395 (19,500) |
49 (52) |
26 565 (16,500) |
28 980 (18,000) |
32 200 (20,000) |
51 (54) |
27 370 (17,000) |
30 590 (19,000) |
33 810 (21,000) |
53 (56) |
28 175 (17,500) |
31 395 (19,500) |
34 615 (21,500) |
55 (58) |
29 785 (18,500) |
33 005 (20,500) |
36 225 (22,500) |
57 (60) |
30 590 (19,000) |
33 810 (21,000) |
37 030 (23,000) |
| ( 1 ) | Oil equals the total of the following items: Sump oil, capacity of oil filter(s) and oil that is added between changes . |
| ( 2 ) | The maximum permissible oil change interval is 48,300 km (30,000 miles). |
| API CG-4 Multigrade Oil Maximum Permissible Oil Change Intervals For On-Highway C-10, C-12, and 3406E Engines |
||||||
| Oil (1) L (Qt) |
Fuel Consumption Kilometers Per Liter (Miles Per Gallon) |
|||||
2.6 (6) |
2.8 (6.5) |
3 (7) |
3.2 (7.5) |
3.4 (8) |
3.6 (8.5) |
|
| KM (Miles) To Next Oil Change (2) | ||||||
34 (36) |
24 150 (15,000) |
26 565 (16,500) |
28 175 (17,500) |
30 590 (19,000) |
32 200 (20,000) |
34 615 (21,500) |
36 (38) |
25 760 (16,000) |
28 175 (17,500) |
29 785 (18,500) |
32 200 (20,000) |
34 615 (21,500) |
36 225 (22,500) |
38 (40) |
27 370 (17,000) |
28 980 (18,000) |
31 395 (19,500) |
33 810 (21,000) |
36 225 (22,500) |
38 640 (24,000) |
40 (42) |
28 175 (17,500) |
30 590 (19,000) |
33 005 (20,500) |
35 420 (22,000) |
37 835 (23,500) |
40 250 (25,000) |
42 (44) |
29 785 (18,500) |
32 200 (20,000) |
34 615 (21,500) |
37 030 (23,000) |
39 445 (24,500) |
41 860 (26,000) |
44 (46) |
31 395 (19,500) |
33 810 (21,000) |
36 225 (22,500) |
38 640 (24,000) |
41 860 (26,000) |
44 275 (27,500) |
45 (48) |
32 200 (20,000) |
35 420 (22,000) |
37 835 (23,500) |
40 250 (25,000) |
43 470 (27,000) |
45 885 (28,500) |
47 (50) |
33 810 (21,000) |
37 030 (23,000) |
39 445 (24,500) |
42 665 (26,500) |
45 080 (28,000) |
48 300 (30,000) |
49 (52) |
35 420 (22,000) |
37 835 (23,500) |
41 055 (25,500) |
44 275 (27,500) |
46 690 (29,000) |
- |
51 (54) |
36 225 (22,500) |
39 445 (24,500) |
42 665 (26,500) |
45 885 (28,500) |
48 300 (30,000) |
- |
53 (56) |
37 835 (23,500) |
41 055 (25,500) |
44 275 (27,500) |
47 495 (29,500) |
- | - |
55 (58) |
39 445 (24,500) |
42 665 (26,500) |
45 885 (28,500) |
48 300 (30,000) |
- | - |
57 (60) |
41 055 (25,500) |
44 275 (27,500) |
48 300 (30,000) |
- | - | - |
| ( 1 ) | Oil equals the total of the following items: Sump oil, capacity of oil filter(s) and oil that is added between changes. |
| ( 2 ) | The maximum permissible oil change interval is 48,300 km (30,000 miles). |
For more information about optimizing oil change intervals, see your Caterpillar dealer.
Note: Metric units are listed before English units.