M312, M315, M318 and M320 Excavators Hydraulic System Caterpillar


General Information

Usage:

M318 6ES

M300 Excavators

The M300 Excavators are the replacement for the 206B Excavator, 212B Excavator, 214B Excavator, 214B FT Excavator and 224B Excavator. These models are designed in order to reflect the latest technology and features. The machines have a broad range of boom-stick-bucket combinations which provide maximum versatility.

These new excavators can be driven on the highways at speeds of 32 km/h (20 mph). Some machines are limited in travel speed to 20 km/h (12 mph). All machines are equipped with two-speed transmissions. This provides speeds for highway use, movement over rough terrain or soft terrain. A creeper speed in the transmission is standard equipment. This ensures that the travel motor is at the maximum angle for maximum torque and low speed operation.

The machines can be equipped with various attachments and stabilizer and blade combinations. The machines can be set up with the following configurations:

  • Two point stabilizers

  • Four point stabilizers

  • Two point stabilizers with blade

Comparisons With Former Machines

Engine

The M312 Excavator and M315 Excavator are equipped with 3054 DIT Caterpillar engines. The M318 Excavators and M320 Excavators are equipped with 3116 DIT Caterpillar engines.

Undercarriage

The undercarriage that is below the swing bearing is similar to the former machines.

Transmission

The transmission is very similar to the transmissions on the 206B Excavator and 212B Excavator.

Steering

The steering system has the same type of gear pump as the former machines, but the location of the steering pump is different.

Pilot Control System

The pilot system flow divider valve diverts 15 L/min (4 US gpm) from the brake pump flow for the pilot control system.

Differences From Former Machines

Main Hydraulic Pump

The main pump is a variable displacement piston pump with a swashplate that is a load sensing and pressure compensated pump. Flow rates from the pumps are very similar to the pumps on the former machines.

Swing Pump

The swing pump is a closed loop variable displacement piston pump with a swashplate that operates independently from the main hydraulic pump. When the pump is in hold, the swing pump swashplate is at a zero degree angle and the oil flow is not available. The pump will upstroke in either direction in order to cause the machine to swing to the right or to the left. The swing pump has an independent positive displacement internal gear type charge pump which maintains the charge system pressure in the swing circuit. Pilot pressure is used to upstroke the swing pump.

Hydraulic Control Valve

The main hydraulic control valve is changed. The flow compensator valves are separate from the control valves. The flow compensator valves are not located inside the spools.

Electronic Control System

The Electronic Control Unit (ECU) is similar to the ECU in the 300B Excavators. The ECU helps regulate the flow from the main hydraulic pump and the swing pump.

Pilot Manifold

The pilot manifold now has one valve housing and the pilot filter is external instead of being internal. The filter is located under the cab on all machines.

An attachment of a hydraulic cab riser has been added to the M318 Excavator and to the M320 Excavator.

Caterpillar Information System:

M312, M315, M318 and M320 Excavators Hydraulic System Swing Pump
302.5 Mini Hydraulic Excavator Window Washer Reservoir - Fill
M312, M315, M318 and M320 Excavators Hydraulic System Control Valve (Stick Lowering)
M312, M315, M318 and M320 Excavators Hydraulic System Control Valve (Stick Lowering)
M312, M315, M318 and M320 Excavators Hydraulic System Control Valve (Boom Lowering)
A19 Auger Refill Capacities
A19 Auger Lubricant Viscosities
3114, 3116 and 3126 MUI Engine Governors Fuel Shutoff Solenoid
M312, M315, M318 and M320 Excavators Hydraulic System Control Valve (Boom Lowering)
M312, M315, M318 and M320 Excavators Hydraulic System Drift Reduction Valve
M312, M315, M318 and M320 Excavators Hydraulic System Priority Valve
M312, M315, M318 and M320 Excavators Hydraulic System Reducing Valve (Shock)
3064 and 3066 Engines for Caterpillar Built Machines Piston and Rings
315B Excavator Excavator Systems Swing Gear and Bearing - Remove and Install
315B Excavator Excavator Systems Tank and Filter (Hydraulic) - Remove
3114, 3116 and 3126 MUI Engine Governors Torque Limiter Device (Some Type V)
320B Excavator Machine System Specifications Lines (Boom)
315B Excavator Excavator Systems Tank and Filter (Hydraulic) - Install
3114, 3116 and 3126 MUI Engine Governors Governor (Type I) - Assemble
315B Excavator Excavator Systems Accumulator (Hydraulic Pilot) - Remove and Install
315B Excavator Excavator Systems Solenoid Valve (Swing Priority) - Remove and Install
315B Excavator Excavator Systems Solenoid Valve (Travel Speed) - Remove and Install
315B Excavator Excavator Systems Solenoid Valve (Two Speed Travel) - Remove and Install
315B Excavator Excavator Systems Solenoid Valve (Proportional Reducing) - Remove and Install
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