Challenger Agricultural Tractors in Scraper Applications{4150, 7000} Caterpillar

Challenger Agricultural Tractors in Scraper Applications{4150, 7000}

Usage:

45 1DR

Agricultural Tractors:: Challenger 35 (S/N: 8DN; 8RD; ADK); Challenger 45 (S/N: 1DR; 3BK; ABF); Challenger 55 (S/N: 7DM; 6NN; AEN); Challenger 65 (S/N: 7YC1-1899); Challenger 65B (S/N: 7YC1900-UP); Challenger 65C (S/N: 2ZJ1-1964); Challenger 65D (S/N: 2ZJ1965-UP); Challenger 65E (S/N: 6GS); Challenger 70C (S/N: 2YL); Challenger 75 (S/N: 4CJ); Challenger 75C (S/N: 4KK); Challenger 75D (S/N: 5AR); Challenger 75E (S/N: 6HS); Challenger 85C (S/N: 9TK); Challenger 85D (S/N: 4GR); Challenger 85E (S/N: 6JS); Challenger 95E (S/N: 6KS)

Introduction

This Special Instruction provides the following information for machines that are used in construction and scraper applications:

Setup of the machine
Setup of the scraper
The transfer of allowable weight
Suggestions for operation
Operating techniques

The information in this Special Instruction will help improve the following applications of an agricultural machine with towed scrapers:

Performance
Costs
Problems

Challenger Agricultural Tractors provide the better value when operators are trained for all conditions. The operating cost for Challenger Agricultural Tractors that are used in scraper applications will be greater than the operating cost for agricultural applications. The owner should determine if the economics of such operations are favorable. Warranty coverage only includes defects in materials and workmanship. Challenger Agricultural Tractors that are used in construction and scraper applications may experience the following conditions:

Belt untracking
Overloading of the front axle
Packing of material in the undercarriage

These conditions are explained later in this publication. These conditions do not represent a defect in material or workmanship. Therefore, these conditions are not covered by the warranty. A trained operator that is capable of recognizing these conditions is the most effective way of minimizing operating costs.

When you are using towed scrapers or semi-mounted scrapers, Challenger Agricultural Tractors have a better working window than conventional wheel tractor-scrapers. Challenger Agricultural Tractors perform better than wheel type agricultural machines during construction and scraper applications. Challenger Agricultural Tractors allow the user to get into the field earlier. Challenger Agricultural Tractors also allow the user to work longer since the weight of the scraper is transferred to the length and the width of the belt.

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Illustration 1	g00653610

Note: The use of Challenger 35, Challenger 45, and Challenger 55 Agricultural Tractors is not recommended for construction and scraper applications. Guidelines are provided at the end of this document in order to aid in maximizing the life of machine components in this unapproved application.

For additional information, refer to the following service magazine articles and special instructions:

Service Magazine, SEPD05320; July 10, 2000, "Installation Procedure for Current Counterweights and Deflector"
Special Instruction, REHS0576;, "Selection and Usage of Mobil-Trac Belts"
Special Instruction, REHS0151;, "Procedure for Bolting on and Reinforcing Guide Blocks"
Special Instruction, REHS0092;, "Challenger Agricultural Tractors Implement Hydraulic Operations"
Special Instruction, SEHS8713;, "Belt Repair Kit For All Mobil-Trac Machines"
Service Magazine, REHS0319; September 2, 1996, "Machining Locator Lug Remove To Reduce The Chance Of Torn Belts As A Result Of Untracking"

Configuration of Tillage Tractors

The following machines are described as tillage tractors:

Challenger 65
Challenger 65B
Challenger 70C
Challenger 75
Challenger 75C
Challenger 75D
Challenger 75E
Challenger 85C
Challenger 85D
Challenger 85E
Challenger 95E

Balance

In any application, the machine's performance and the machine's ride are best when the machine is balanced. The best method for balancing a machine is observing the scraper while you are operating under load.

While the scraper is loaded, observe the profile of the machine. The correct amount of counterweight will keep the full print of the track (belt) on the ground. A full print ensures that the maximum amount of horsepower is being transferred to the drawbar. The proper balance will transfer the weight from the rear of the machine forward. The weight will be transferred through the whole undercarriage. If improper balance causes excessive vertical loading on the rear of the machine, the life of the drive wheels can be significantly reduced.

Initially, install half of the front counterweights. While the scraper is loaded, observe the profile of the machine. Then, adjust the counterweights for optimum performance.

Usage of Counterweights

When too much weight is applied on the front of the machine, the following results may occur:

A poor ride
Overstressing of the front axle

The front counterweights are approximately 2438 mm (96 inch) forward of the front axle. The effect of the weight may be great. In order to achieve balance, use only enough weight for average loading conditions.

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NOTICE

Use of excessive front counterweights in order to offset excessive vertical loading on the hitch may cause poor ride, drive wheel cracking and bolt loosening, high stresses in the front axle, and belt untracking.

Note: When the counterweights are added to the front of the large machines, there is a maximum weight limit of 1000 kg (2204 lb).

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Illustration 2	g00308510
Front Counterweights for Challenger C Series and Challenger D Series Agricultural Tractors

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Table 1
Front Counterweights for Challenger C Series and Challenger D Series Agricultural Tractors
Description	Weight
Mounting Bracket	91 kg (200 lb)
Mounting Bracket and 10 weights	545 kg (1200 lb)
Mounting Bracket and 20 weights	1000 kg (2200 lb)

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Illustration 3	g00329583
Front Counterweights for Challenger E Series Agricultural Tractors

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Table 2
Front Counterweights for Challenger E Series Agricultural Tractors
Description	Weight
Mounting Bracket	66 kg (146 lb)
Mounting Bracket and 10 weights	516 kg (1146 lb)
Mounting Bracket and 20 weights	966 kg (2146 lb)

Air Spring Pressure

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Illustration 4	g00312171
Air Spring Inflation

The ride and the steering of heavy machines can usually be improved by increasing the pressure of the air spring up to a maximum pressure of 620 kPa (90 psi).

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NOTICE

If the air spring pressure is increased on a seriously imbalanced tractor, the increased pressure will transfer additional weight to the already heavy end of the machine. Make sure that the correct hitch and counterweights are installed before adjusting air spring pressure.

In order to find the best pressure for a particular situation, the operator should try various pressures that are based on the following conditions:

Size of the scraper
Mounting of the scraper
Conditions of the soil
Performance requirements

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Table 3
Guidelines for Inflating the Air Spring Challenger C Series and Challenger D Series Agricultural Tractors
Operating Weight	Inflation Pressure
14,000 kg (30865 lb)	448 ± 34 kPa (65 ± 5 psi)
15,000 kg (33069 lb)	490 ± 34 kPa (71 ± 5 psi)
17,700 kg (39022 lb)	579 ± 34 kPa (84 ± 5 psi)

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Table 4
Guidelines for Inflating the Air Spring Challenger E Series Agricultural Tractors
Operating Weight	Inflation Pressure
14,075 kg (31030 lb)	448 ± 34 kPa (65 ± 5 psi)
15,450 kg (34061 lb)	517 ± 34 kPa (75 ± 5 psi)
17,025 kg (37533 lb)	552 ± 34 kPa (80 ± 5 psi)
18,600 kg (41005 lb)	586 ± 34 kPa (85 ± 5 psi)

Drawbars and Hitches

Most manufacturers of scrapers provide a drawbar or a hitch that is unique to the scraper of the manufacturer. In order to withstand the higher, vertical loads, the drawbar or the hitch is generally heavier due to the weight that is transferred from the scraper. The heavier, vertical loads exceed most of the design specifications for the drawbars on agricultural machines. The manufacturer of the scraper has a drawbar that is generally shorter. The shorter drawbar will minimize the transfer of weight to the machine. The drawbar or the hitch from the manufacturer may not be required, but this will provide the best performance for a machine with a scraper. The drawbar or the hitch from the manufacturer is recommended for scraper applications.

If the machine has a three-point hitch, the operator should replace a standard drawbar with a heavier drawbar. This configuration is the least favorable means for the transfer of weight. The hitch point for the scraper is too far from the rear axle of the machine.

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Illustration 5	g00319816
A Dolly Mounted Scraper that is Attached to a Standard Drawbar

Heavy vertical loads and balance problems can be eliminated through the use of a dolly. A dolly mounted scraper is the preferred method for handling the weight that is transferred to a machine.

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Illustration 6	g00319820

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Illustration 7	g00319822

The out-of-balance effect of excessive download forces can be reduced with a hitch that distributes the download force as close as possible to the machine. Such hitches replace the standard drawbar and the support assembly. These hitches are mounted directly to the differential case. When a machine is equipped with a three-point hitch, this type of hitch cannot be used. Also, this type of hitch may not work with a power take-off (PTO). This depends on the manufacturer of the hitch.

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Illustration 8	g00653613
Hitch that is Mounted to a Differential Case

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Illustration 9	g00319825
Recommended Configuration for the Scraper Hitch (A) Use all the mounting holes. (B) Horizontal loading is transferred to the forward pin location. (C) Use a continuous plate of at least 25.4 mm (1 inch) of thickness. (D) The hitch is close to the case.

When you are using Large Challenger Agricultural Tractors in scraper applications, use a hitch that is mounted to the differential case. Use a hitch that includes the features that are shown in Illustration 9.

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Illustration 10	g00748133

Hitch plates and/or a guiding guard for the belts are available from Caterpillar Work Tools, Inc.

Cat Work Tools, Inc. offers a hitch plate with guiding guards for the belts. The guards are adjustable for the following belts:

635 mm (25 inch)
699 mm (27.5 inch)
762 mm (30 inch)

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Table 5
Serviceable Parts for 188-8655 Guard Group
Item	Part Number	Description	Qty
1	188-3991	Guiding Guard (center)	1
2	188-8656	Guiding Guard (right)	1
3	188-8657	Guiding Guard (left)	1
4	7X-0384	Bolt	8
5	7X-0449	Full Nut	8
6	8C-6913	Hard Washer	8

Contact any Caterpillar dealer for more information on the Cat Work Tools guiding guard for the belts.

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Illustration 11	g00319827
(E) Check all of the bolts that are on the differential case for the proper torque. Replace the four bolts with 0S-1573 Bolts , 8V-9708 Spacers , and an additional 5P-8245 Washer . This better maintains the clamping forces that are on the bolted joint.

Regardless of the type of drawbar or hitch that is used, the bolts for the differential case and the bolts for the final drives should be checked for the proper torque. This should be done after the first 50 hours of use in a scraper application, and every 250 hours thereafter.

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NOTICE

Failure to check the differential bolt torque and use of hitches that do not meet the preceding specifications can cause differential case bolt loosening, subsequent case damage, and other contingent damage.

Hydraulics

Opening the gate
Dumping the bowl
Lowering the bowl
Closing the gate

For scrapers with ejectors, the ejector replaces the bowl operation.

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Illustration 12	g00324185
Two double acting remote implement control valves are required for each scraper.

Wipe the inside of the coupler and the outside of the tip on the implement hose. Make sure that both surfaces are clean. This should be done when you connect the lines from the scraper to the remote implement control valves on the machine.

Most manufacturers of scrapers provide a hanger or a bracket assembly so that hoses may be routed along the tongue of the scraper. This prevents damage to the hoses from dragging or becoming tangled with other machine components.

Connect the hydraulic lines that are for the scraper by using the two sequences that are shown in ""Circuit or Lever 1" " and shown in ""Circuit or Lever 2" ". Lines should be connected to the implement control valves so the operation of levers for both circuits of a scraper are next to each other. If you are operating tandem scrapers, repeat the sequences for Circuits 3 and 4.

Note: Pull the lever toward the operator for the EXTEND position. Push the lever away from the operator for the RETRACT position.

Circuit or Lever 1

The EXTEND position raises the frame of the scraper. This moves the bowl out of the cut.
The RETRACT position lowers the frame of the scraper. This places the bowl into the cut.

Circuit or Lever 2

The EXTEND position lowers the bowl first. Then, the EXTEND position closes the gate.
The RETRACT position raises the gate first. Then, the RETRACT position dumps the bowl.

Note: This type of sequence allows the operator to pull back both levers at the end of a cut. This type of sequence also allows the operator to raise the frame at the same time as closing the gate. Some operators may wish to reverse the lines for Circuit 2. This sequence causes the gate to raise. Next, the scraper bowl will dump. In the EXTEND position, the bowl would lower and the gate would close in the RETRACT position.

Connections for the Hydraulic Power Beyond

Some scrapers may use power beyond connections. The hydrauilic power beyond is a name that describes a machine's capability to supply an implement with hydraulic power without using the tractor's remote valve stack. Circuits for hydraulic power beyond often consist of the following components:

Supply from the pump
Return line to the tank
Load sense port

The load sense port is needed when you are using a machine that has a closed center, load sensing hydraulic system. This type of system is used on Challenger Agricultural Tractors.

The connection for the hydraulic power beyond requires the installation of a tee in the end cover of the implement valve. The tees are factory installed on the Challenger E Series Agricultural Tractors.

The end cover for the hydraulic power beyond is not equipped from the factory on the following machines:

Challenger 65
Challenger 75
Challenger 65B

These machines can be retrofitted with an end cover for the hydraulic power beyond, if necessary. Refer to Service Magazine 6 November, Page 2, "Procedure for Attaching a Laser Controlled Scraper to the Hydraulic System" for additional information. This service magazine is available from any Caterpillar dealer.

Using O-ring fittings for the hydraulic power beyond is not a standard connection. This type of connection made connecting hoses and disconnecting hoses inconvenient even though the location of the connections were given.

Low pressure quick couplers can be used on large tillage tractors by altering the following ports:

The power beyond supply port
The return oil ports

Use the parts that are listed in Table 6 and Illustration 13 in order to make the necessary changes.

See the parts that connect to tee (B) and (C) in Table 6.

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Illustration 13	g00645388
(F) Power beyond tee for Challenger C Series Agricultural Tractors (G) Use this tee with the Challenger 65B and Challenger 75 Agricultural Tractors that have oil coolers.

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Table 6
Required Parts
Item	Part Number	Description
1	9S-4183	Plug (1 1/16 STOR)
2	5P-9560	Union (No. 12 port)
3	5R-6304	Coupling (female coupling)
4 ⁽¹⁾	5R-6305	Coupling (1 1/16 STOR male coupling)
	9X-2017	Coupling (3/4 inch NPT male coupling)
	9X-2018	Coupling (1/2 inch NPT male couling)
5	6L-9952	Thread Adapter (1 1/16 STOR to 1/2 - 14 NTF)
6	6V-1722	O-Ring Adapter (1 1/16 STOR to 3/4 STOR) (No. 8 port)
7	5R-5718	Dust Plug ⁽²⁾
8	3D-2824	O-Ring Seal
9	7I-8310	Coupling (1 3/16 - 12 ORFS to 1 1/16 - 12 STOR) (No. 12 port)
10	6V-9832	Cap Assembly (1 3/16 - 12 ORFS)
11	6V-9746	O-Ring Seal
12	6V-9854	Swivel Elbow (1 7/16)
13	6V-8946	Reducer Assembly (1 7/16 - 12 to 1 3/16 - 12)
14	5K-9090	O-Ring Seal

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^( 1 )	Select the coupling that fits your application.
^( 2 )	Use this dust plug with Item Number 3.

The quick couplers that are shown in Table 6 can be used on both the tees for the supply line and the tees for the return line for power beyond applications. If the supply line is connected to a tee, then a signal line from the implement must also connect to the signal line that is on the machine. The use of a power beyond connection for the supply line requires the implement to be already capable of receiving a signal line. The implement should have a shuttle that will correctly resolve the signals from the power beyond system and the machine's implement valve. The shuttle valve should have an internal drain in order to bleed off the signal pressure. This pressure should be bled off when the circuit is not generating signal pressure. If an internal drain is not available and a ball resolver is used, the pump can not destroke. The pump will remain at maximum system pressure until the leakage bleeds off the signal pressure.

Adapters are available to fit the more common hose fittings on the implements. Some available adapters for common hose fittings are Item Number 5 and Item Number 6. These items are shown in Illustration 13. Be aware that most implements are equipped with hoses that are too small in diameter for the flow requirements. Hoses with diameter of 12.7 mm (0.50 inch) or a smaller diameter have been used in lift circuits and/or motor circuits. These hoses should have a diameter of at least 19.0 mm (0.75 inch). Hoses that are too small cause the following problems:

Excessive restriction in the system
Drive up resolved pressures
The motor has low flow and the motor has low pressure.
The cylinder has low flow and the cylinder has low pressure.

In order to minimize any restriction in the system, do not adapt inadequate hoses when you use the fittings that are listed in Table 6. Install hoses that better meet the needs of the implement and match the size of the fittings that are for the quick coupler.

Connect the load sensing line for the implement to the line for the machine. The load sensing line for the machine is in the valve stack. Use a shuttle valve in the line for this connection.

The load sense line should extend from the shuttle valve on the machine to the remote mounted valves. The load sense line can be connected to the implement system in the following three ways:

Connect the load sensing line into the implement circuit after the flow control valve by using a tee. This is the best connection because the pump will stroke only far enough to maintain the margin pressure across the remote flow control valve.
Connect the load sensing line into the port that is on the remote valve that sends a load sensing signal to the pump. A bleed orifice and a bleed line may be needed in order to bleed off trapped oil. This will prevent the pump from staying at maximum system pressure. These components will be needed if the remote valve does not have internal bleeding of the load sensing signal.
If the circuit tends to bleed off, use a tee in order to connect the load sensing line. The connection should be on the implement before the flow control and the on/off valve.

Note: This type of connection will send the hydraulic system to maximum system pressure.

Refer to Special Instruction, REHS0092 for additional information.

Selection of Belts

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Illustration 14	g00645467
(H) Zero degree cables (J) Guide block (K) Breaker plies with three layers (L) Tread bar (W) Inside rubber protection (X) Extra 90 degree cables

The standard rubber belt is composed of several layers of cable. The cables are similar to the cables in automotive tires. The most important set of cables is located about 8.0 mm (0.32 inch) beneath the inside surface of the belt. These cables are called zero degree cables (H). The zero degree cables withstand the track tension. Other sets of cables are located between the zero degree cables and the outside surface of the belt. These cables are called breaker cables (K). Breaker cables lie in various angles in order to provide lateral support. Also, breaker cables protect the zero degree cables.

When any of the cables are exposed to moisture by cuts or gouges in the rubber, the cables can rust. Any exposed cables should be repaired as soon as possible.

Use the 144-7779 Repair Kit in order to repair damaged rubber on the belts.

Refer to Special Instruction, SEHS8713, "Belt Repair Kit For All Mobil-Trac Machines" for additional information on the use of the repair kit.

Any damaged zero degree cables that protrude above the surface of the belt should be repaired. Repair the cables by clipping or grinding the cable. Clip or grind the cable so that the cable is below the surface of the belt. This will prevent additional damage.

If you break in the belts in very wet conditions or you break in the belts in dry, clean conditions, the rubber may scuff. The scuffing can last for 400 service hours. The guide blocks may appear moderately worn or severely worn on the surface. Some material may be removed. Although scuffing affects the appearance of the belt, the life of the guide blocks is not affected.

If scuffing occurs with high temperatures on the guide blocks, consult any Caterpillar dealer.

Cuts, gouges, and minor wear on guide blocks will not cause operational problems. However, a belt that is missing two or more consecutive guide blocks should be repaired. A belt that is missing two or more consecutive guide blocks may come off the machine. This could damage other components on the undercarriage. Guide blocks for replacement are available. Refer to Special Instruction, REHS0151 for installation instructions.

If portions of the tread bar separate from the belt, the traction of the belt will not be reduced significantly. Replace a belt when the tread bar is less than 13.0 mm (0.51 inch) tall and when the track slippage routinely exceeds 10 percent.

Easier penetration of the tread bar occurs when the machine is running on narrower belts instead of wider belts. Therefore, traction is better with the narrower belts. When you compare the contact area of narrow belts and of wheeled machines, the contact area of narrow belts is always greater. When you equip the machine with wide belts, carefully consider the balance that is between the slippage on the ground and the flotation.

The preferred belt for towed scraper applications

Preferred Belt for Towed Scraper Applications

The following table lists the preferred belts for towed scraper applications.

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Table 7
Preferred Belts for Towed Scraper Applications
Part Number	Width of Belt	Type	Tread Bar	Number of Guide Blocks
1R-1297	699 mm (27.5 inch)	Inside Protected	Standard	48
1R-1298	762 mm (30 inch)	Inside Protected	Special Application	48
1R-1335	762 mm (30 inch)	Side Hill Belt	Extreme Service	48

Refer to Special Instruction, REHS0576 for an outline of the features for the belts.

Special Application Belts

Special application belts have 96 tread bars. The tread bars are 38 mm (1.5 inch) tall and 70 mm (2.75 inch) wide. The tread bars are the only difference between the standard belts and the special application belts. There are no differences in the body of the belt.

The tread bars on the special application belts have less of a tendency to bend under high loads. Another main advantage is the reduction of the machine's vibration at higher speeds on hard ground. Vibration is also reduced while you are roading. Occasionally, extreme loads on the drawbar will cause the belts to slip on the ground. In these conditions, special application belts will provide a certain amount of protection for the drive train. In wet conditions, special application belts do not have a good self-cleaning feature between the tread bars. Any belt that is packed with material between the tread bars will have significantly reduced traction.

Special application belts can be used in any application, but the maximum drawbar pull for a machine that is equipped with special application belts may be as much as 20 percent less than the maximum drawbar pull for a machine that is equipped with standard belts.

Inside Protected Belts

Inside protected belts provide an extra inside diameter for protection to the belt. Inside protected belts have a breaker ply of protective cables inside zero degree cables. The zero degree cables are parallel to the axis of the belt. The breaker plys are aligned at varying degrees to the zero degree cables. These belts are for applications that may result in damage to the rubber on the inside of the belt. Damage may also occur to the zero degree cables. Examples of these applications are in rocky soil, in sandy soil and in muddy soil. Keeping the zero degree cables intact is essential to getting normal life from a belt.

Side Hill Belts

Side hill belts are used for applications that involve a substantial amount of work on inclines, on slants and on downward slopes. In some cases, the wear of the guide block will determine the life of the belt. For these applications, side hill belts that have 48 guide blocks are available. All other types of belts have 36 guide blocks. The additional guide blocks give lower individual loading to each guide block when the machines are running on slopes. Side hill belts have standard tread bars and the belts do not have the extra protection on the inside diameter.

Selection of the Drive Wheels

Chevron Drive Wheel (60 Degree)

The following types of drive wheels are available for Large Challenger Agricultural Tractors:

Special application drive wheel
60 degree chevron pattern

The drive wheels with the 60 degree chevron pattern are the only drive wheels that are recommended for construction and scraper applications.

All the drive wheels should be equipped with the latest setup for scraper/cleaner bars. The same scraper/cleaner bars that are available for the Special application drive wheel are available for the chevron drive wheel. The parts are listed in the following groups according to the type of drive wheel that is being used:

The parts for the special application drive wheel are listed in 134-0783 Drive Wheel Group .
The parts for the chevron drive wheel are listed in the group numbers 136-7628 Drive Wheel Group and 198-6816 Drum Scraper .

See Table 8 for the parts that are required for the installation of the scraper/cleaner bars. The same parts are used for the two types of drivers.

The special application drive wheels are not recommended because there are several concerns with damage to the belts during construction and scraper applications.

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NOTICE

The buildup of debris on the drive wheels can substantially reduce the service life of the belt. Failure to properly maintain scrapers can result in damage to the belt due to the debris.

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Illustration 15	g00750939

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Table 8
Scraper/Cleaner Bars
Item	Part Number	Description	Qty
15	133-1678	Guard	2
16	145-4235	Plate	2
17	151-0954	Plate	4
17A	151-0953	Plate	4
17B	154-4865	Scraper	4
17C	145-5181	Spacer	4
18	5P-1076	Washer	28
19	5P-2566	Bolt	20
20	8T-8917	Bolt	8
21 ⁽¹⁾	6I-9782	Spacer	8
22 ⁽¹⁾	7X-0326	Bolt	8
23	151-0955	Block	4
24	8T-8919	Bolt	4

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^( 1 )

These parts are only needed on machines that are equipped with greased undercarriages.

Setup of the Scraper

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Illustration 16	g00324283
Setup of the Machine and the Scraper

When you are determining the size of the scraper to use, you should consider the following factors:

Power of the machine
Width of the cutting edge on the bowl
Capacity of the scraper

The greater capacity of the bowl requires more power. Also, when the width of the cutting edge increases, more power will be required. The scraper does not have push blocks when the scraper is used in the application of land leveling. The push blocks assist in the loading of the scraper.

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Illustration 17	g00664032

Note: In order to determine the height of the tongue, adjust the assemblies for the yoke and the hitch.

The height of the tongue determines the angle of the cutting edge relative to the ground. If the angle is too shallow, the bottom of the bowl on the scraper will drag in the cut. If the angle is too great, the scraper will be difficult to load and difficult to control in the cut.

The scraper's optimum height of the tongue from the ground at the hitch pin should be 46 to 53 cm (18 to 21 inches). Adjusting the tongue upward or adjusting the tongue downward through the assemblies of the hitch and the yoke will determine the height. This is indicated by the arrow in Illustration 17. If you are in soft conditions with a bowl that is fully loaded, the bowl may drag on the ground. If this happens, you may need to raise the height of the tongue. For tandem scraper applications, the hitch that is between the machine and the scraper and between the tandem scrapers should be the same height.

Keep the length of the scraper's tongue as short as possible. This minimizes the transfer of weight to the machine.

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Illustration 18	g00645621
(M) Wrong cutting width (N) Correct cutting width

The cutting width is important when you are selecting a scraper.

The scraper must have a cutting width that is wide enough in order to cover the distance that is between the outside edges of the belts.

Check the manufacturer's maintenance requirements for your scraper. The requirements will typically include the following information: service intervals, location of lubrication fittings and tire pressures.

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Illustration 19	g00324289
Dolly Mounted Scrapers

The vertical weight is not transferred back to the machine when the scraper is used with a dolly. The weight of the scraper's load is transferred to the dolly. A scraper that is using a dolly may not work as well in conditions with soft, underfoot soil. The tires may sink in the soft material and the tires will roll at a high resistance. However, the configuration of the dolly is preferred in all the possible situations. This configuration is used in order to reduce heavy, vertical loading and the configuration is used to improve the balance of the machine.

Scraper Operation

Types of Scrapers

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Illustration 20	g00459559
Drawbar mounted scrapers

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Illustration 21	g00308208
Dolly mounted scrapers

The following types of scrapers are generally used: Semi-mounted scrapers, drawbar mounted scrapers and dolly mounted scrapers. These scrapers are used in the following applications: construction, land forming and levelling of land. Applications that are used for construction generally mean that mass quantities of dirt are moved from one location to another location.

The forming of land can be used in order to create multiple planes in a field. This allows the fields with severe breaks in the grade and severe breaks in the slope to become more productive land.

The levelling of land is a conventional way of moving dirt in order to help improve drainage and irrigation systems. A laser control may be used in order to precisely control the scraper during these operations.

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Illustration 22	g00653617
Dump Type Scrapers

The following types of scrapers are available: dump, dump with gate, ejector and drag.

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Illustration 23	g00308506
Three-piece cutting edge

Usually, scrapers that are used in construction work have a three-piece cutting edge. The center cutting edge is set lower than the outer cutting edges. This is typically called one of the following terms: frost bit, stinger and router bit. The cutting edge that is located in the center of the scraper blade helps the scraper enter the cut.

A scraper that is used in the application of land forming has a uniform cutting edge. A scraper that is used in the application of land leveling has cutting edges that are uniform. The cutting edges provide a smooth, even cut. Typically, ejector scrapers and drag scrapers are equipped with laser controls. The laser controls for these scrapers are used for the applications of land forming or land leveling.

Cycles

A typical construction cycle has the following parts:

Load
Haul
Dump
Return

Before you start the cycle, complete the following checks:

Perform the Daily Walk-Around Inspection. Refer to the Operation and Maintenance Manual for your machine.
Perform the daily maintenance for the scraper. Use the information that is provided by the manufacturer.
Cycle all of the scraper's circuits several times.
Check that all the linkages move smoothly.
After you cycle the hydraulic circuits for the scraper, check the machine's hydraulic oil level. If necessary, add hydraulic oil.

Load

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Illustration 24	g00324394

Note: When rocks and stumps are present, semi-mounted scrapers and towed scrapers should not be used.

When a semi-mounted scraper is used in an application with a tandem hitch, the front scraper bowl is loaded first. Then load the scraper bowl that is trailing behind. This provides the best transfer of weight on the machine.

With a dolly mounted scraper, the scraper bowl at the rear may be loaded first. Configurations for dolly mounted scrapers have a small amount of weight that is transferred to the machine. When you are loading the rear scraper bowl before loading the front scraper bowl, you should have good visibility of the rear bowl. When you are loading the rear scraper first, this does not allow a smooth transition cut.

If you are using the applications of land forming or laser planing, the scraper bowl will usually be in the cut as you turn the scraper. This may result in high loads on the steering pump. This causes the steering pump to destroke as the load increases. This may increase the radius for steering and turning precisely would be difficult. The belt on the outside may slip. A shallower cut during turns is recommended if the scraper bowl is in the cut. Make shallower cuts than the cuts that are made during straight line operation.

When you are loading a scraper, you can create very high demands on the drawbar. This may happen unless long, shallow 51 to 102 mm (2 to 4 inch) cuts are made. Most scrapers that are attached to Challenger Agricultural Tractors were originally used to finish the grade of irrigated agricultural land. When you are attempting deep cuts, very high demands can be created for the drawbar pull. This causes extreme loading of the machine's drive train. The high demand necessitates the use of lower gears. There may be slippage between the belt and the ground. There may also be slippage between the belt and the drive wheels. This depends on the following factors: the distribution of weight that is on the machine, the condition of the ground and the selection of the belt.

In order to avoid turning a belt of the machine into the tongue of the scraper, pay careful attention when you are backing up the machine and when you are turning the machine. When you are towing a dolly mounted scraper, use extra caution in the following conditions: sand, mud and travelling downward on a hill. When a stop is made suddenly, the dolly and the scrapers may shift sideways.

Speed Selection

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Illustration 25	g00324386

Note: Make sure that the material does not fall on the rear guard.

When you are loading the scraper, the speed of the machine will vary in order to meet the densities of different materials and of variations in the material. As the material fills the scraper bowl, the material should break up. Then, the material will begin packing in the bowl. If the machine goes too fast, the soil may roll and the soil may leave voids as the material fills the bowl. The bowl may fill quickly but there will be less actual m³ (yd³) of material that is loaded. If a heaped load falls over the rear guard, the load may accumulate on the top of the tires. In order to prolong the life of the tires, keep any excess material off of the tires.

Consider the condition of the material when you are selecting the appropriate speed in order to load the scraper. This may take several cuts in order to find the best speed. The speed that is selected should keep the machine in the center of the power curve. The speed that is selected should be sufficient enough in order to adequately load the scraper without excessively slipping the belt.

The typical speed of the machine during loading should be between 6.5 to 7 km/h (4 to 4.5 mph). For Large ChallengerAgricultural Tractors, select one of the following speeds: third speed, fourth speed and fifth speed. For Challenger 35, Challenger 45, and Challenger 55 Agricultural Tractors select one of the following speeds: fifth speed, sixth speed and seventh speed.

The Height of the Gate During Loading

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Illustration 26	g00324388

Note: The gate on the scraper may be opened or the gate may be closed, as needed.

The gate should be raised high enough so that the material does not boil in front of the scraper during loading. If the material that is being loaded is too loose, the gate should be partially closed. Partially close the gate in order to prevent material in the bowl from boiling out of the gate. This should be done during loading or at the end of the cut. Loose materials will have a higher gate than hard packed materials. Open the gate slightly in order to more easily determine if the height of the gate is too low. If the engine rpm speed increases, the gate is too low.

The Best Sequence for Loading

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Illustration 27	g00645730
(P) Cutting width of the scraper (Q) Slightly narrower cutting width

Make the first cut. Make the second cut parallel to the first cut. Make sure that the second cut is to one side and at a distance that is somewhat narrower than the cutting width of the scraper. Make the third cut down the center of the first two cuts.

Sequence For Loading Tandem Scrapers

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Illustration 28	g00459601
Tandem Scraper Applications

Lower the frame of the first scraper until the bowl starts into the cut.
Lower the frame of the rear scraper until the bowl starts into the cut. The operator will see a decrease in the engine rpm speed as the second scraper begins the cut.
Then raise the rear scraper's frame slightly so that the bowl is out of the cut.
Finish lowering the frame of the first scraper into the cut. Then, load the scraper. When the bowl of the first scraper is full, raise the frame and close the gate. As the frame of the first scraper is raised, the tongue and the frame of the second scraper will automatically lower. This will cause the second scraper to start into the cut.
Finish lowering the frame of the second scraper into the cut. Then, load the scraper.

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Illustration 29	g00645785
(25) Tongue and the frame (26) Carriage assembly

This sequence for loading tandem scrapers is a smooth transition between the first scraper and the second scraper. The second scraper bowl is automatically lowered into the cut because the tongue and the frame (25) are mounted to the carriage assembly (26) of the first scraper. As the frame of the first scraper is raised, the scraper's carriage assembly pivots downward. The carriage assembly that is pivoting lowers the tongue and the frame of the second scraper. This will allow the second scraper to start into the cut. The frame of the second scraper was previously lowered. This allowed the second scraper to be just above the cut. The amount of drop that is provided by the pivoting carriage assembly will start loading the second scraper.

When the scraper is coming out of the cut, pull both levers to the EXTEND position. This will ensure that the gate fully closes and the frame is fully raised. If the gate is left partially open, the material will spill during the cycle of hauling.

Haul

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Illustration 30	g00308208

Note: Pay special attention to the scraper during the haul cycle.

Make sure that the scraper's frame(s) is at the full height and check that the gate(s) is fully closed. Pay attention to the width of the scraper. The width of the scraper should be wider than the machine. In order to avoid objects that are close to the machine, pay special attention during the haul cycle.

Dump

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Illustration 31	g00324392
Unloading

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Illustration 32	g00324393
Unloading

Place the implement control lever so that circuit 2 or 4 is in the RETRACT position. The gate will open. Then, the bowl will dump. When the material is sticky, the operator should move the lever between the EXTEND and the RETRACT position. This will help loosen the material from the bowl. The tandem scraper may be lowered enough to roughly grade the material that is dumped by the first scraper.

An ejector scraper is equipped with a wider gate which allows easier unloading.

You should lower the frame closer to the ground when you use the application of land leveling. This should be done before you begin to dump. This allows the material that is dumped to spread more evenly. This also allows the operator to control the thickness of the material that is spread.

In order to use a scraper for planing the land, fully place the bowl in the dump position. Then, the scraper's frame may be lowered. Make sure that there are no loads that will place a high impact on the bowl. When you are in the dump position, you may damage the bowl with high loads. This happens when the cutting edge is in a vertical position.

Return

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Illustration 33	g00653610

The scraper has now dumped the load. Once the scraper has returned to the cut area, the operator will need to activate the circuit in order to return the bowl to a lower position. Then, the gate will start to close. The operator should position the height of the gate that is required for the cut. This action gets the scraper ready for the cut. The circuit should be activated for a long enough time in order to position the gate. The height of the gate should be determined according to the height that is required for the cut. If the circuit is activated too long, the gate will fully close.

Check that the scraper's frame(s) is extended to the fullest height. This will help the scraper bowl from dragging on the ground. A scraper's frame that is fully extended will also avoid catching any objects during the return cycle.

Avoid getting too close to objects with the machine. This will provide clearance for the scraper which should be wider than the machine. Pay special attention during the return cycle in order to avoid objects that are close to the machine.

Guidelines for Successful Operation

Do not attempt to turn the machine while you load the scraper.
Do not turn the machine under full engine RPM while you climb or while you descend an incline with a loaded scraper.
Do not operate the machine horizontally on a steep hill while you load the machine or while the machine is being loaded.
Do not spin the belts if the machine and the scraper become stuck in muddy conditions or sandy conditions.
Do not allow rear drive wheels to spin in the inside of the belt.
Do not load the scraper in a gear that is lower than the gear that is necessary to fill the scraper.
Do not operate the machine on a rough haul road with a loaded scraper at an unsafe speed.
Do not push semi-mounted scrapers or towed scrapers during the loading cycle. Due to the scraper's design, the operator should pull the scraper. The operator should not push the scraper. You may damage the scraper and the machine.
Do not stay in the cut too long. Overloading the scraper bowl may cause material to flow over the sides. This could cause you to waste valuable time and effort during the cycle. The additional material that is moved seldom offsets the material that could have been moved. At the end of the day, the total amount of extra time that is spent in the cut could have been saved. The operator could save time by making several additional cycles.
Do not try to make a cut with the gate down.
Do not make a cut too deep. A deep cut drags the speed of the machine below 6.5 km/h (4 mph).
Do not load the scraper at excessively high speeds. Even though the condition of the material allows a faster cut, do not load the scraper while you are using gears that are above 13 km/h (8 mph). The life of the power train is adversely affected when there is a continuous high torque on components that are meant for roading.
Do not exceed seven to eight percent slip during loading.
Operate the machine in the straightest possible line when you load the scraper.
In rough conditions, operate the machine at speeds that do not cause spikes in the vertical load at the rear of the machine.
Make sure that the weight of the machine is properly balanced when you operate the machine.
Make sure that the belt tension is properly adjusted when you operate the machine.

Special Considerations

Belt Untracking

The conditions that can cause the loss of a belt are uncommon in tillage applications. These conditions may occur more often in scraper applications. The conditions can be avoided by an alert and a trained operator.

One of the following conditions or a combination of the following conditions may force a belt out of the groove that is between the drive wheels or the idlers.

A side thrust on the back of the machine is required. A side thrust can be generated by turning a machine and scrapers up a slope as the machine moves down the slope or with more than one loaded scrapers pushing on the machine. The leverage of the scraper's tongue on the machine is greater if a close coupled scraper hitch is not installed in place of the machine's standard drawbar.
The belt may come off of the track if you allow material to become packed into the following components: belt, drive wheels and idlers. While you are moving down a slope, turning the machine promotes ingestion of the material in the components of the undercarriage.
The belt will not tend to skid on the ground if there are high download forces on the rear axles. A greater side force can be put on the machine, which tends to push the drive wheels off the belts. Usually, when the machine is turning and moving down the slope, the downhill side of the machine will come off first. Machine speed will be a factor in these situations.

Damage to the edge of the belt on machines can be the result of walking out of a belt. The result can be damage to the zero degree cables at the edge of the belt. Breakage of these critical cables usually progresses across the belt which will necessitate a replacement.

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Illustration 34	g00645853
(R) Locator lug

If there is a possibility that you may lose the belt, you may wish to remove the locator lugs from the final drives before belt damage occurs. Refer to Service Magazine 02 September, "Machining Locator Lug Removed To Reduce The Chance Of Torn Belts As a Result of Untracking". This Service Magazine is available from any Caterpillar dealer.

Note: The locator lugs on the Large Challenger Agricultural Tractors were removed with the following effectivity: Challenger 65D 2ZJ2089-UP, Challenger 75C 4KK2377-2378, 2380-2382, 2384-UP and Challenger 85C 9TK1945-1946, 1948-1954, 1956-UP. Also, visually inspect the earlier machines for the presence of any locator lugs.

Overloading of the Front Axle

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Illustration 35	g00324364
Front axle

If sufficient force is applied to any axle, the force can exceed the axle's strength. The front axle serves the purpose of a safety element. If the undercarriage of the machine is overloaded, the first place to "give" by design is the front axle. This will aid in minimizing possible damage to the following items: final drives, midwheels, idler wheels and belts.

Machines spend more time at high speeds in scraper applications than the machines that are used in tillage applications. If haul roads are not well maintained and the machine has a significant amount of front counterweight, excessive dynamic loads on the front axle can be the result.

A front axle that is bent will cause guide block scrubbing. The guide block scrubbing will occur toward the outside on both sides of the machine. Sometimes, the thrust load will be high enough in order to cause the guide block to crack at the relief grooves. The actual loss of guide blocks may occur.

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NOTICE

If you encounter or suspect a bent axle, stop the machine immediately in order to avoid further damage to the belt.

Packing in the Undercarriage

Front axles can also bend on machines that are running with no front counterweights. This may be the result of material that becomes packed in the undercarriage. Excess packing can cause the undercarriage's recoil operation to run out of travel. Accumulated debris will bend the axle by design. Packing in the undercarriage can be found in any of the following areas:

Packing can be found in the area between the drive wheels.
Packing can be found in the area between the belt and the drive wheels.
Packing can be found in the area between the belt and the idlers.
Packing can be found in the area between the axle and the front saddle.
Packing can be found in any of the combinations that are listed above.

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Illustration 36	g00324383

Note: A rear track roller guard is available with a built-in scraper.

If debris accumulation occurs between the drive wheels, there is a rear track roller guard that is available with a built-in scraper. See ""Selection of the Drive Wheel" " for more information about the cleaner bars and scrapers. This guard is also a direct replacement for the standard tent guard.

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NOTICE

If excessive debris is allowed to accumulate between the drive wheels, belt cable tearing, front axle bending, and belt untracking can result.

The following areas are the only areas that are helped by the scrapers/cleaner bar: area between the drive wheels and area between the drive wheels and the belts. The other areas must be controlled by operational techniques and choices.

Aside from damaged axles, there are other areas of the machine that can be affected from severe debris accumulation. If the back surface of the axle contacts the saddle, there will often be damaged paint or disturbed metal on the axle and corresponding evidence on the saddle. In extreme cases, the back plate of the saddle can become bent.

Stuck Machines

Note: For complete information about handling machines that are stuck, review the section on towing in your machine's Operation and Maintenance Manual.

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Illustration 37	g00653626

When machines become stuck because of very soft underfoot conditions, pay careful attention. Some sandy materials flow readily onto the belt of a moving machine or a stopped machine.

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NOTICE

If a tractor bogs down in such material, the undercarriage can be packed in a very short time. Attempting to pull a tractor out of such a spot can result in extreme packing between belt and idlers or drivers, depending on which direction the tractor is moved. If the undercarriage is not dug out, front axle and frame damage can occur in as little as 3.7 m (12 ft) of motion.

Basic Rules for Stuck Machines which are Pulling Scrapers

First, remove the material around the machine and around the undercarriages. Then, try to drive the machine forward.
If the machine is still stuck, remove additional material. Then, pull the most rear scraper rearward.
If the machine is still stuck, unhook the scraper and drive the machine forward.
If the machine is still stuck, pull the scraper away from the machine. Attach a cable to the drawbar. Then, pull the machine rearward.

Note: Whenever you are removing a machine from a stuck condition, pay close attention to the amount of material that is re-entering the undercarriage. Remove the material out of the undercarriage in order to prevent another buildup of debris.

The drawbar is the primary location for retrieving all Challenger Agricultural Tractors that are stuck. Under some conditions, the Large Challenger Agricultural Tractors may be pulled from the front. A Large Challenger Agricultural Tractor should never be pulled by only one frame rail. The slots that are in the frame rail and the front tow hook should not be used in order to pull a row crop tractor that is stuck.

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Illustration 38	g00324384

Note: In order to tow the machine properly, attach a "Y" yoke to the holes that are in the mounting brackets for the tension cylinders.

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Illustration 39	g00645884
(S) Low angle

For large machines, the small loop at the center of the battery box should never be used to pull the machine. This may overstress the frame. This is especially true if the machine's nose is pointed upward. When you are pulling the machine from the front, a long "Y" yoke should be attached to the holes of the mounting brackets that are for the tension cylinders. The mounting brackets are located near the front of the frame members. Regardless of the method of attachment, when you are pulling the machine forward, check for the following conditions: a centered pull, a low angle to the machine and a straight line of travel.

Note: If a large machine or a scraper is stuck, do not back up. Reversing the traction unloads the tension on the belt. The result may cause the belt to come off of the track.

Note: When you are handling a stuck machine, always tow the machine from the tandem hitch on the scraper. Do not tow the machine from the front and do not tow the scraper from the side. If necessary, release the dolly or the scraper. This allows you to move the machine forward without pulling the machine and the scraper rearward.

Transfer of Weight

Understanding the Transfer of Weight

Weight that is transferred from the scraper to the machine affects the following conditions: power train life, vertical load on the driver, vertical load on the final drive, ride and steering response.

The amount of weight that is transferred by the scraper is a combination of several factors: the balance of the machine (counterweight), the type of hitch that is used to mount the scraper, the length of the scraper's tongue and the density of the soil or the weight of the material that is being moved.

Computing the Transfer of Weight

Weigh the machine with the mounted scraper and weigh the machine without the mounted scraper. This will give you a baseline of the amount of weight that is being transferred to the machine by the scraper.

Multiply the total capacity of the scraper bowl by the weight of the material. The unit for performing the calculation is kg/m³ (lb/yd³).

Multiply the weight from Step 2 by the load factor in order to calculate the payload weight for the scraper.
Note: The approximate weight of the materials and the load factors may be obtained from the Special Publication, "Caterpillar Performance Handbook".

Multiply the payload weight from Step 3 by the measured percentage of the weight that is transferred. This should be done in order to get the amount of payload weight that is transferred to the machine. Refer to Table 9.

Add that number to the baseline of the amount of weight with an empty scraper. Refer to Step 1 in order to find the weight of the empty scraper. That total number gives you the amount of weight that is transferred to the machine.

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Table 9
Transfer of Weight
Machine	Type of Hitch	Type of Scraper	Measured Percentage of Weight that is Transferred
Large	Differential Case	Single	27%
Large	Differential Case	Tandem	12%
Large	Drawbar	Single	31%
Large	Drawbar	Tandem	14% ⁽¹⁾
Large	Dolly	Tandem	-0.2%
Row Crop	Drawbar	Single	30%
Row Crop	Drawbar	Tandem	13%

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^( 1 )

Calculated figure

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NOTICE

The allowable weight transfer for large machines is 2270 kg (5000 lb) at the end of the factory equipped drawbar pin location, 3400 kg (7500 lb) at the drawbar support assembly, and 6800 kg (15,000 lb) at the differential case. The allowable weight transfer for row crop machines is 2750 kg (6000 lb) at the end of the factory equipped drawbar when pinned at the first (closest) drawbar pin hole location.

Note: Upward forces that are placed on the machine or the drawbar should not exceed the downward forces.

Weigh the machine with the mounted scraper and weigh the machine without the mounted scraper. This difference in weight will give you a baseline of the amount of weight that is being transferred to the machine by the scraper.
- The weight of the machine with a mounted scraper is 17400 kg (38400 lb).
- The weight of the machine without the scraper is 15550 kg (34300 lb).
- The baseline for the amount of weight transfer is 1850 kg (4100 lb).
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Table 10

17400 kg (38400 lb) -
15550 kg (34300 lb) =
1850 kg (4100 lb)

Multiply the total capacity of the scraper bowl by the weight of the material. The unit for performing the calculation is kg/m³ (lb/yd³).
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Table 11

21.4 m³ (23.4 yd³) x
1840 kg (4057 lb) per m³ (yd³) =
39380 kg (94930 lb)

Multiply the weight from Step 2 by the load factor in order to calculate the payload weight for the scraper.
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Table 12

39380 kg (94930 lb) x .81 load factor =
31900 kg (76890 lb)

Note: The approximate weight of the materials and the load factors may be obtained from the Special Publication, "Caterpillar Performance Handbook".

Multiply the payload weight from Step 3 by the measured percentage of the weight that is transferred. This should be done in order to get the amount of payload weight that is transferred to the machine. Refer to Table 12.

Add that number to the baseline of the amount of weight with an empty scraper. Refer to Step 1 in order to find the weight of the empty scraper. That total number gives you the amount of weight that is transferred to the machine.

Scrapers that are Controlled by Lasers

Laser controls are often used in the applications of land forming and land leveling. Laser controls actuate the scraper's functions. Scrapers that are laser controlled accurately determine the shape and the form of the plane of the ground. The laser controls vary from one manufacturer to another manufacturer. However, these controls have several common factors. Review your manufacturer's specifications for lasers in order to determine the specific requirements for the system.

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Illustration 40	g00645896
(27) Electro-hydraulic valve bank (28) Accumulator

Electro-hydraulic valve bank (1) is used with laser controlled scrapers. An electro-hydraulic valve bank is used instead of the hydraulic valves that are equipped with the machine. The electro-hydraulic valve bank is generally mounted to the tongue of the lead scraper. The valve bank may be equipped with an accumulator (2) that is used to take the pressure of the spikes out of the hydraulic system. The accumulator ensures smooth controlled pressure and flow to the valve bank.

The oil supply for the valve bank should be provided by the hydraulic power beyond. The oil flow of the hydraulic power beyond does not require the operator to actuate the hydraulic control levers of the machine. The laser control actuates one or more of the servo valves on the valve bank. This creates the hydraulic demand that allows the hydraulic pump to upstroke.

In order to install the hydraulic power beyond on all Challenger Agricultural Tractors, see the ""Hydrualic Power Beyond Connections" " section in this publication.

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Illustration 41	g00324397
Example of mounting for large machines

The laser controls may be mounted directly to the seat in order to allow the best convenience for the operator. Monitors may be placed in the cab on the right front post of the Rollover Protective Structure (ROPS) above the console. Use the threaded bosses and the mounting brackets that are provided. Install the monitor on the mounting bracket that is provided for the monitor. This bracket is provided for Challenger E Series Agricultural Tractors. Do not drill or weld on the ROPS posts in order to mount controls or monitors. If this is done, the ROPS certification may be voided.

Configuration of Row Crop Tractors

Note: The use of Challenger 35, Challenger 45, and Challenger 55 Agricultural Tractors is not recommended for construction and scraper applications. Guidelines are provided in order to aid in maximizing the life of machine components in this unapproved application.

The following machines are described as row crop tractors:

Challenger 35
Challenger 45
Challenger 55

Balance

Initially, install half of the front counterweights. While the scraper is loaded, observe the profile of the machine. Then, adjust the counterweights for optimum performance.

Challenger 35 (S/N: 8DN), Challenger 45 (S/N: 1DR), and Challenger 55 (S/N: 7DM) Agricultural Tractors

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Illustration 42	g00312427
Front counterweights

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Table 13
Counterweights
Group	Total Weight	Individual Weight
Chin weights ⁽¹⁾	612 kg (1350 lb)	50 kg (112 lb)
Bumper weights ⁽²⁾	364 kg (800 lb)	25 kg (55 lb)
Idler Counterweights	907 kg (2000 lb)	57 kg (125 lb)

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^( 1 )	The chin weights are mounted to the frame that is below the engine.
^( 2 )	The bumper weights are mounted in front of the radiator.

Front counterweights are available in the following two packages: twelve chin weights and ten bumper weights. Also, idler counterweights are available. Any excess counterweight will increase compaction and the excess counterweight may shorten the life of the power train. A complete set of idler counterweights weighs 907 kg (2000 lb). There is maximum weight of 227 kg (500 lb) of counterweight that may be applied to each front idler.

Note: The package for the side counterweights does not aid the balance of the machine in scraper applications. This package should not be used.

Do not exceed the maximum operating weight of 12,134 kg (26,750 lb).

Refer to the machine's Operation and Maintenance Manual for the proper installation of counterweights.

When you are under conditions that are average for loading, use only enough weight in order to achieve the necessary balance. Any excessive amount of download forces on the rear axles contribute to the following conditions: poor balance, damage to the drive wheel, loosening of the drive wheel and high stresses on the final drive bearings. Excessive upload forces can damage the drawbar and yoke assembly. High upload forces can occur on machines with high download forces on the drawbar. For example, if the machine travels through ditches, this causes the direction of the force to shift upward. Refer to Operation and Maintenance Manual, "Counterweight-Adjusting Machine Balance" for your machine's limitations regarding the maximum weight that is allowable.

Calculating the Maximum Allowable Counterweight

Use Table 14 in order to calculate the total weight of the machine and the maximum allowable counterweight.

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Table 14
Weight of Machine Components
Component		1524 mm (60 inch) gauge	2032 mm (80 inch) gauge
Machine ⁽¹⁾, ⁽²⁾		10180 kg (22,450 lb)	10400 kg (22,930 lb)
Add the value for the belts that are installed on the machine.
457 mm (18 inch) Belts	64 kg (140 lb)
508 mm (20 inch) Belts	127 kg (280 lb)
635 mm (25 inch) Belts	293 kg (645 lb)
813 mm (32 inch) Belts	655 kg (1440 lb)
Multiply the following values by the number of sets that are installed on the machine. ⁽³⁾
25.4 mm (1 inch) Spacers	41 kg (90 lb)
50.8 mm (2 inch) Spacers	82 kg (180 lb)
76.2 mm (3 inch) Spacers	122 kg (270 lb)
102 mm (4 inch) Spacers	181 kg (400 lb)
152 mm (6 inch) Spacers	242 kg (533 lb)
203 mm (8 inch) Spacers	196 kg (432 lb)
254 mm (10 inch) Spacers	213 kg (469 lb)
356 mm (14 inch) Spacers	243 kg (536 lb)
508 mm (20 inch)	303 kg (670 lb)
Quick hitch	105 kg (230 lb)
Total weight ⁽⁴⁾
Maximum weight of the machine		12130 kg (26,750 lb)	12130 kg (26,750 lb)
Subtract the total weight.
Maximum allowable counterweight ⁽⁵⁾

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^( 1 )	The 1524 mm (60 inch) gauge is configured with 406 mm (16 inch) belts and a fuel tank that is 70 percent full. This also includes the operator. The gauge is set at 1524 mm (60 inch).
^( 2 )	The 2032 mm (80 inch) gauge is configured with 406 mm (16 inch) belts and a fuel tank that is 70 percent full. This also includes the operator. The gauge is set at 2032 mm (80 inch).
^( 3 )	A set refers to the spacers that are installed on the hardbar and drive wheels on both sides of the machine.
^( 4 )	Add up all of the above rows.
^( 5 )	Subtract the total weight of the machine from the maximum allowable weight. The calculated value is the amount of allowable counterweight that can be added to the machine.

Challenger 35 (S/N: 8RD; ADK), Challenger 45 (S/N: 3BK; ABF), and Challenger 55 (S/N: 6NN; AEN) Agricultural Tractors

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Table 15
Counterweights
Group	Total Weight	Individual Weight
Front Counterweights ⁽¹⁾	681 kg (1500 lb)	45 kg (100 lb)
Idler Counterweights	907 kg (2000 lb)	57 kg (125 lb)

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^( 1 )

The front counterweights are mounted in front of the radiator.

Any excess counterweight will increase compaction and the excess counterweight may shorten the life of the power train. A complete set of idler counterweights weighs 907 kg (2000 lb). There is maximum weight of 225 kg (500 lb) of counterweight that may be applied to each front idler. Refer to your machine's Operation and Maintenance Manual for more information.

Do not exceed the maximum operating weight of 12134 kg (26750 lb).

Refer to the machine's Operation and Maintenance Manual for the proper installation of counterweights.

If necessary, refer to Service Magazine, SEPD05320; July 10, 2000, "Installation Procedure for Current Counterweights and Deflector".

Calculating the Maximum Allowable Counterweight

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Table 16
Weight of Machine Components
Component		1524 mm (60 inch) gauge	2032 mm (80 inch) gauge
Machine ⁽¹⁾		9570 kg (21100 lb)	9800 kg (21600 lb)
Quick hitch	114 kg (250 lb)
Wide swing drawbar
Wide swinging drawbar	85 kg (185 lb)
Additional items in the cab ⁽²⁾
Add the value for the belts that are installed on the machine.
457 mm (18 inch) Belts	64 kg (140 lb)
508 mm (20 inch) Belts	127 kg (280 lb)
635 mm (25 inch) Belts	293 kg (645 lb)
813 mm (32 inch) Belts	655 kg (1440 lb)
Multiply the following values by the number of sets that are installed on the machine. ⁽³⁾
25.4 mm (1 inch) Spacers	41 kg (90 lb)
50.8 mm (2 inch) Spacers	82 kg (180 lb)
76.2 mm (3 inch) Spacers	122 kg (270 lb)
102 mm (4 inch) Spacers	181 kg (400 lb)
152 mm (6 inch) Spacers	242 kg (533 lb)
203 mm (8 inch) Spacers	196 kg (432 lb)
254 mm (10 inch) Spacers	213 kg (469 lb)
356 mm (14 inch) Spacers	243 kg (536 lb)
508 mm (20 inch)	303 kg (670 lb)
Quick hitch	105 kg (230 lb)
Total weight ⁽⁴⁾
Maximum weight of the machine		12130 kg (26,750 lb)	12130 kg (26,750 lb)
Subtract the total weight.
Maximum allowable counterweight ⁽⁵⁾

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^( 1 )	The basic machine is configured with 406 mm (16 inch) belts, a standard drawbar, and a fuel tank that is 70 percent full. This also includes the operator.
^( 2 )	Additional items can include monitors and implement controls.
^( 3 )	A set refers to the spacers that are installed on the hardbar and drive wheels on both sides of the machine.
^( 4 )	Add up all of the above rows.
^( 5 )	Subtract the total weight of the machine from the maximum allowable weight. The calculated value is the amount of allowable counterweight that can be added to the machine.

Track Gauge

A machine that is equipped with a wider track gauge usually has better performance. The wider track gauge gives the machine more stability under load. When you are turning the machine, a wider track gauge provides better steering torque. This is due to the longer moment arm that is created by the distance between the undercarriages. However, the operator should select a track gauge that allows the outside edges of the belts to remain inside the width of the cutting edge on the scraper bowl.

Drawbars and Hitches

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Illustration 43	g00319833

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Illustration 44	g00319831
The drawbar from the manufacturer is mounted to the drawbar support.

There are two options that are currently available for Challenger 35, Challenger 45, and Challenger 55 Agricultural Tractors: drawbar from the manufacturer that is mounted to the drawbar support and a dolly hitch that is mounted to the standard drawbar.

Hydraulics

Two double acting remote implement control valves are required for each scraper. Raise and lower the frame of the scraper by using one implement control valve. The second implement control valve is used for the following applications: opening the gate, dumping the bowl, lowering the bowl and closing the gate. For scrapers with ejectors, the ejector replaces the bowl operation.

Connect the hydraulic lines of the scraper in the following sequence. Lines should be connected to the implement control valves so the operation of levers for both circuits of a scraper are next to each other. When you are operating tandem scrapers, repeat the sequence for Circuits 3 and 4.

Note: Pull the lever toward the operator for the EXTEND position. Push the lever away from the operator for the RETRACT position.

Circuit or Lever 1

The EXTEND position raises the frame of the scraper. This moves the bowl out of the cut.
The RETRACT position lowers the frame of the scraper. This places the bowl into the cut.

Circuit or Lever 2

The EXTEND position lowers the bowl first. Then, the EXTEND position closes the gate.
The RETRACT position raises the gate first. Then, the RETRACT position dumps the bowl.

Note: The No. 1 implement control valve has flow priority over the other implement control valves for Challenger 35 (S/N: 8DN1-983), Challenger 45 (S/N: 1DR1-2037), and Challenger 55 (S/N: 7DM1-1494) Agricultural Tractors. When you are using the No. 1 implement control valve, the operation must be completed before any other valve operation will work. Set the flow control for the No. 1 circuit as low as possible in order to minimize the priority effect effort and still maintain the desired response of the scraper bowl. In order to fully understand the concept of flow priority, refer to Special Instruction, REHS0092, "Challenger Agricultural Tractors Implement Hydraulic Operations".

Power Beyond Connections

Some scrapers may use power beyond connections. The hydraulic power beyond is used to describe the capability of a machine to supply an implement with hydraulic power without using the remote valve stack. The power beyond circuits will often have the following characteristics:

Supply from a pump
Return line to tank
A load sense port

The load sense port is needed when you use a closed center load sensing system. This system is similar to the one use on Challenger Agricultural Tractors.

Table 17 and Illustration 45 describe a complete power beyond system on the row crop tractor. This system does not use any of the existing couplers. This system does not cause adverse effects on the operation of the hydraulic valve sections. The previous statements are true if THE FLOW IS NOT LIMITED.

The integrated power beyond configuration that is described in this section is adaptable to machines that are equipped with "priority" or "parallel" flow. "Priority" flow valves were in production in Challenger 35 (S/N: 8DN1-983), Challenger 45 (S/N: 1DR1-2037), and Challenger 55 (S/N: 7DM1-1494) Agricultural Tractors. The production of "Parallel" flow was effective with Challenger 35 (S/N: 8DN984), Challenger 45 (S/N: 1DR2038), and Challenger 55 (S/N: 7DM1495) Agricultural Tractors.

See Table 17 and Illustration 45 for the necessary parts for machines that are equipped with "priority" flow. See Table 17 and Illustration 45 for the necessary parts for machines that are equipped with "parallel" flow.

Note: The implement valve can have two different end covers. The machine is equipped with a three-point hitch or the machine is not equipped with a three-point hitch. The type of cover that is used is determined by the configuration of the machine.

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Table 17
Required Parts ("Priority Flow")
Item	Part Number	Description	Qty
1	4E-5124	Cap Assembly	1
2	9X-0261	Adapter	1
3	122-1802	Coupler	1
4	153-4061	Fitting	1
5	153-6225	Dust Cap	1
6	153-6229	Elbow	1
7	159-5893	Dust Cap	1
8	159-5897	Coupler	1
9	159-5898	Fitting	1
10	159-6071	Dust Cap	1
11	2M-9780	O-Ring Seal	1
12	3J-1907	O-Ring Seal	2
13	3J-7354	O-Ring Seal	1
14	7M-8485	O-Ring Seal	1
15	153-6533 ⁽¹⁾ or 153-2183 ⁽²⁾	Bypass Valve	1
16	6V-9838	Swivel Tee	1
17	7J-9108	O-Ring Seal	5
18	170-2370	Bracket	1
19	174-5809	Hose Assembly	1
20	6V-8632	Seal Connector	1
21	8C-7563	Elbow (45 degree)	1
22	3K-0360	O-Ring Seal

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^( 1 )	This bypass valve is used on machines that are not equipped with a three-point hitch.
^( 2 )	This bypass valve is used on machines that are equipped with a three-point hitch.

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Illustration 45	g00646982
Right Hand View (T) Hydraulic valve group (U) Refer to the Operation and Maintenance Manual.

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Illustration 46	g00646992
Rear View (T) Hydraulic valve group

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Table 18
Required Parts ("Parallel Flow")
Item	Part Number	Description	Qty
51	4E-5124	Cap Assembly	1
52	9X-0261	Adapter	1
53	122-1802	Coupler	1
54	153-4061	Fitting	1
55	153-6225	Dust Cap	1
56	153-6229	Elbow	1
57	153-6533 ⁽¹⁾ or 153-2183 ⁽²⁾	Remote Valve	1
58	159-5893	Dust Cap	1
59	159-5897	Coupler	1
60	159-5898	Fitting	1
61	159-6071	Dust Cap	1
62	2M-9780	O-Ring Seal	1
63	3J-1907	O-Ring Seal	2
64	3J-7354	O-Ring Seal	1
65	7J-9108	O-Ring Seal	1
66	7M-8485	O-Ring Seal	1

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^( 1 )	This remote valve is used on machines that are not equipped with a three-point hitch.
^( 2 )	The remote valve is used on machines that are equipped with a three-point hitch.

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Illustration 47	g00647046
(V) Hydraulic valve group

Selection of the Belt

Easier penetration of the tread bars occurs when the machine is running on narrower belts instead of wider belts. Therefore, traction is better with the narrower belts.

When you compare the contact area of narrow belts and of wheeled machines, the contact area of narrow belts is always greater. When you equip the machine with wide belts, carefully consider the balance that is between the slippage on the ground and the flotation.

Belts for Challenger 35, Challenger 45, and Challenger 55 Agricultural Tractors are available in the following widths:

406 mm (16 inch)
457 mm (18 inch)
508 mm (20 inch)
635 mm (25 inch)
812.8 mm (32 inch)

Note: The 406 mm (16 inch) belts should never be used for scraper applications.

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Table 19
Current Belts for Row Crop Tractors
Extreme Service Belt (Side Hill Belt)
Part Number	Width of Belt	Type	Number of Tread Bars	Depth of Tread Bars	Width of Tread Bar Tip	Thickness of Carcass	Number of Guide Blocks
1R-1337	406 mm (16 inch)	Extreme Service Belt (Side Hill Belt)	96	63.5 mm (2.50 inch)	57 mm (2.25 inch)	35.5 mm (1.4 inch)	48
1R-1336	457 mm (18 inch)	Extreme Service Belt (Side Hill Belt)	96	63.5 mm (2.50 inch)	57 mm (2.25 inch)	35.5 mm (1.4 inch)	48
1R-1308	635 mm (25 inch)	Extreme Service Belt (Side Hill Belt)	96	63.5 mm (2.50 inch)	57 mm (2.25 inch)	39 mm (1.5 inch)	48

Note: Refer to Special Instruction, REHS0576, "Selection and Usage of Mobil-Trac Belts" for additional information.

Extreme Service Belts

Extreme service belts are designed for the following conditions:

High drawbar loads
Abrasive crop conditions
Abrasive soil conditions

An extreme service belt has also been referred to as a "sugar cane" belt. The extreme service belt was originally developed and tested in a "sugar cane" environment. Extreme service belts have the same features as the inside protected belts. The extreme service belt has 96 tread bars. The standard number of tread bars is 72. The tread bars for the extreme service belts are close to being as wide as the low profile tread bars. The tread bars are as tall as standard belts tread bars. As a result, the extreme service belt has more total material that is part of the tread bars. This increases the life of the tread bars. This also creates a smoother ride when you use the machine in the same application as a standard belt. Currently, the extreme service belt is only available in 457 mm (18 inch) width for the row crop tractor.

Selection of the Drive Wheel

Challenger 35 (S/N: 8DN), Challenger 45 (S/N: 1DR), and Challenger 55 (S/N: 7DM) Agricultural Tractors were equipped with drive wheels that had a diamond pattern. Challenger 35 (S/N: 8RD; ADK), Challenger 45 (S/N: ABF; 3BK), and Challenger 55 (S/N: 6NN; AEN) Agricultural Tractors were equipped with drive wheels that had a 60 degree chevron pattern. The 60 degree chevron pattern is more effective at purging mud and water from the interface between the drive wheel and the belt.

The drive wheels that have a 60 degree chevron pattern have a different profile relative to the drive wheels that have a diamond pattern. A drive wheel that has a 60 degree chevron pattern can help prevent the belt from coming off the track when you use this drive wheel with a side slope belts.

Accumulation of debris on the reaction arm and in the center groove of the drive wheel can substantially shorten the life of the undercarriage and the belt. Regardless of the type of drive wheel that is on the machine, the drive wheels should be equipped with the appropriate debris guards for the reaction arm and for the center groove that is in the drive wheel. See the following illustrations and tables for the parts that are needed to install the debris shields for each type of drive wheel.

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Illustration 48	g00653538

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Table 20
Required Parts Debris Guards for Drive Wheels with Diamond Pattern
Item	Part Number	Description	Qty
67	143-7043	Guard (right)	1
67	143-7044	Guard (left)	1
68	8T-4137	Bolt (M10X1.5 THDX20mm)	14
69	8T-4121	Hard Washer (2.5 mm THK)	14
70	143-7041	Guard (right)	1
70	143-7042	Guard (left)	1
71	146-9473	Bumper	2
72	146-9471	Scraper	2
73	8T-4183	Bolt (M12X1.75 THDX40mm)	4
74	8T-4223	Hard Washer (3.0 mm THK)	8
75	8T-4244	Nut	4

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Illustration 49	g00653591

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Table 21
Required Parts Debris Guards for Drive Wheels with 60 Degree Chevron Pattern
Item	Part Number	Description	Qty
76	143-7043	Guard (right)	1
76	143-7044	Guard (left)	1
77	8T-4137	Bolt (M10X1.5 THDX20mm)	14
78	8T-4121	Hard Washer (2.5 mm THK)	14
79	156-6935	Guard (right)	1
79	156-6934	Guard (left)	1
80	146-9473	Bumper	2
81	146-9471	Scraper	2
82	8T-4183	Bolt (M12X1.75 THDX40mm)	4
83	8T-4223	Hard Washer (3.0 mm THK)	8
84	8T-4244	Nut	4
85	7X-7729	Washer (3.0 mm THK)	8