C13 and C15 On-highway Engines Caterpillar

The Electronic Control Module (ECM) can compensate for mechanical differences between the Top Center (TC) of the flywheel and the TC of the timing gear on the camshaft.

A 637-13 Engine Timing Sensor : Calibration Required code is activated if a timing calibration is required.

Note: A 637-11 Engine Timing Sensor : Other Failure Mode will be generated if there is more than 3 degrees of offset between the signals from the engine speed/timing sensors. Misalignment of the gear train involving the crank and camshaft gear can cause this code.

TC of the Flywheel - The ECM determines the TC of the flywheel via a signal from a magnetic transducer. The transducer is installed into the side of the engine block. The transducer creates a signal as a notch on a crankshaft counterweight rotates past the transducer.

TC of the Timing Gear - The ECM determines the TC of the timing gear by signals from the engine speed/timing sensors.

Any offset between the TC of the flywheel and the TC of the timing gear is stored into the memory of the ECM.

Note: A timing calibration will not increase the available engine power.

Table 1 lists the special tools that are required in order to perform this procedure.

Table 1

Required Special Tools
Part Number	Description
7X-1171	Transducer Adapter
6V-2197	Transducer
7X-1695	Cable As
170-3519	Harness  (1)

( 1 )

This item is not required if the engine harness has a connector for timing calibration.

1. Install the Transducer Adapter.

   1. Remove the electrical power from the ECM.

   2. Use the appropriate engine turning tool to put either the No. 1 piston or the No. 6 piston at top center. Refer to the Systems Operation/Testing and Adjusting.

   3. Refer to Table 2. After the top center position has been located, rotate the crankshaft for the number of degrees that is applicable to your engine model. Be sure to rotate the crankshaft in the direction of rotation that is specified in the Table.
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      Table 2

      Crankshaft Rotation
      Engine Model	Number of Degrees	Direction of Rotation
      C7	100	Normal Rotation
      C9	85	Normal Rotation
      C13	75	Normal Rotation
      C15	60	Opposite Normal Rotation

   4. Refer to Table 3. Locate the timing calibration port of the engine.
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      Table 3

      Location of the Timing Calibration Port
      Engine Model	Crankshaft Counterweight	Engine Location
      C7	3	Left Side
      C9	3	Left Side
      C13	8	Left Side
      C15	2	Left Side

   5. Remove the plug from the timing calibration port.

   6. Thread the transducer adapter into the port.

      Continue to the next test step.

2. Install the Transducer.

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   NOTICE
   If the crankshaft is not in the correct position when the transducer is installed, the transducer will be damaged when the engine is started.

   1. Apply clean engine oil to a 2D-6392 O-Ring Seal . Install the O-ring seal on the end of the 6V-2197 Transducer .

   2. Push the transducer through the transducer adapter until the transducer contacts the crankshaft counterweight.

   3. Withdraw the transducer 1.0 mm (0.04 inch) and hand tighten the nut on the adapter sleeve in order to secure the transducer. Move the O-ring seal against the adapter.

      Continue to the next test step.

3. Connect the 7X-1695 Cable As .
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   Illustration 1	g01345358
   Connecting the 7X-1695 Cable As to an ADEM III ECM

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   Illustration 2	g01345359
   Connecting the 7X-1695 Cable As to an ADEM IV ECM

   1. If the engine harness is equipped with a connector for timing calibration, connect the 7X-1695 Cable As to the connector for timing calibration and to the transducer.

   2. If the engine harness is not equipped with a connector for timing calibration, perform the following procedure:

      Note: Refer to Illustration 1 or 2. The 170-3519 Harness can be connected to the P1 connector or to the P2 connector. Select the connector with the easiest access.

      Refer to Table 4. Remove the sealing plugs from the appropriate terminals. Do not discard the sealing plugs. The sealing plugs may be reinstalled when the timing calibration is complete.

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      Table 4

      Locations for Connection of the 170-3519 Harness
      Wire Color	Locations on the 70−pin P2 Connector	Locations on the 120−pin P2 Connector	Locations on the P1 Connector
      White	22	26	24
      Yellow	23	36	25

      Disregard the pin-outs on the label of the harness. Install the white wire of the 170-3519 Harness into the appropriate location.

      Install the yellow wire of the 170-3519 Harness into the appropriate location.

      Note: Ensure that each wire is installed into the correct location. The timing calibration will not be successful if the wires are installed incorrectly.

      Connect the 7X-1695 Cable As to the connector for timing calibration and to the transducer.

      Continue to the next Test Step.

4. Start the Engine and Check for Diagnostic Codes.

   1. Establish communication between the Caterpillar Electronic Technician (ET) and the ECM. Refer to Troubleshooting, "Electronic Service Tools", if necessary.

   2. Start the engine and run the engine until the engine is at the normal operating temperature.

   3. Check for active diagnostic codes. The engine must not have any active diagnostic codes during the timing calibration except for a 637-13 Engine Timing Calibration required.

5. Calibrate the Timing.

   1. Set the engine speed to 1100 ± 50 rpm. The engine speed must be steady within this rpm range in order for the calibration to be successful.

   2. Access the "Timing Calibration" screen on the Cat ET. Access the following display screens in order:
      • Service

      • Calibrations

      • Timing Calibration

   3. To calibrate the timing, select "Continue" on Cat ET. Wait until Cat ET indicates that the timing is calibrated.

      Perform the following procedure if Cat ET indicates that the timing is calibrated:

      Stop the engine.

      Note: Disconnect the 7X-1695 Cable As before you exit the "Timing Calibration" screen. Otherwise, diagnostic codes may be activated.

      Disconnect the 7X-1695 Cable As .

      Exit the "Timing Calibration" screen on Cat ET.

      Remove the electrical power from the ECM.

      Remove the transducer and remove the adapter.

      Install the plug into the timing calibration port.

      If you installed a 170-3519 Harness , you may remove the harness or you may permanently install the harness for future use. If you remove the harness, install the sealing plugs into the unused cavities of the ECM connector. Otherwise, moisture and debris will enter the connector.

      If you choose a permanent installation of the harness, fasten the harness to the existing engine wiring harness with cable ties. Also, install a 3E-3364 Receptacle and two 8T-8737 Seal Plugs on the two pin connector in order to prevent moisture and debris from entering the connector.

      The following conditions can cause the timing calibration to fail:

      • If the crankshaft and camshaft gears have been reassembled incorrectly, the timing will not calibrate.

      • Verify that the timing calibration probe is installed correctly.

      • Verify that the engine speed is correct and that the engine speed is stable. If the engine speed is unstable, refer to troubleshooting without a diagnostic code Troubleshooting, "Engine Misfires, Runs Rough or Is Unstable".

      • There may be a problem with the transducer or with the cables. Obtain a new transducer and/or a new cable and repeat the timing calibration.