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Every attempt is made to provide accurate, up to date information. By use of this document you agree that Caterpillar Inc. is not responsible for errors or omissions. |
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These recommendations are subject to change without notice. Contact your local Caterpillar dealer for the most up to date recommendations. |
Note: Instructions for the installation of the filter are printed on the side of each Caterpillar spin-on filter. For non-Caterpillar filters, refer to the installation instructions that are provided by the supplier of the filter.
For more information, refer to Special Publication, SEBU6251, "Caterpillar Commercial Engine Fluids Recommendations".
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Faulty engine coolant temperature regulators, or operating with light loads, short operation cycles, excessive idling, or operating in applications were normal operating temperature is seldom reached can contribute to excessive water in the crankcase oil. Corrosive damage, piston deposits and increased oil consumption can result. If a complete oil analysis program is not followed or if the results are ignored, the potential for corrosive damage and piston deposits increases. |
Cat oils have been developed and tested in order to provide the full performance and service life that has been designed and built into Cat engines. Cat oils are currently used to fill diesel engines at the factory. These oils are offered by Cat dealers for continued use when the engine oil is changed. Consult your Cat dealer for more information on these oils.
Due to significant variations in the quality and in the performance of commercially available oils, Caterpillar makes the following recommendations:
- Cat DEO (Diesel Engine Oil) (10W-30)
- Cat DEO (Diesel Engine Oil) (15W-40)
- Cat DEO-ULS (Diesel Engine Oil - Ultralow Sulfur) (10W-30)
- Cat DEO-ULS (Diesel Engine Oil - Ultralow Sulfur) (15W-40)
Note: Cat DEO-ULS multigrade is the preferred oil for use in all Cat diesel engines for which SAE 10W-30 or SAE 15W-40 is the preferred viscosity grade.
Note: Non-Caterpillar commercial oils are not the best oils for your engine.
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Caterpillar does not warrant the quality or performance of non-Caterpillar fluids. |
There are three current Cat ECF specifications: Cat ECF-1-a, Cat ECF-2 and Cat ECF-3. Each higher Cat ECF specification provides increased performance over lower Cat ECF specifications.
Note: The Cat ECF-1-a and Cat ECF-2 specifications replaced the Cat ECF-1 specification on 1 March 2007.
Note: If Cat DEO multigrade or DEO-ULS multigrade oils are not used, use only commercial oils that meet the following categories/specifications:
- Commercial oils that meet the requirements of the Cat ECF-1-a, Cat ECF-2, and/or the Cat ECF-3 specification are acceptable. API category of oils that have not met the requirements of at least one Cat ECF specification may cause reduced engine life.
- The preferred commercial oils meet at least one of the following requirements: Cat ECF-3 specification and API CJ-4.
Oils that meet the requirements of the API CJ-4 category are compliant with the Cat ECF-3 specification.
The following categories of oils are not approved for use in your Caterpillar Engine:API CF, API CF-4 and API CG-4.
In selecting oil for any engine application, both of the following must be satisfied: the oil viscosity and the oil performance category or the oil performance specification. Using only one of these parameters will not sufficiently define oil for an engine application.
The proper SAE viscosity grade of oil is determined by the minimum ambient temperature during cold engine start-up, and the maximum ambient temperature during engine operation.
Refer to Table 1 (minimum temperature) in order to determine the required oil viscosity for starting a cold engine.
Refer to Table 1 (maximum temperature) in order to select the oil viscosity for engine operation at the highest ambient temperature that is anticipated.
Note: Generally, use the highest oil viscosity that is available to meet the requirement for the temperature at start-up.
If ambient temperature conditions at engine start-up require the use of multigrade SAE 0W oil, SAE 0W-40 viscosity grade is generally preferred over SAE 0W-30.
| Lubricant Viscosities for Ambient Temperatures for DI Diesel Engines | ||
| Ambient Temperature | ||
| Viscosity Grade | Minimum | Maximum |
| SAE 0W-30 | |
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| SAE 0W-40 | |
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| SAE 5W-30 | |
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| SAE 5W-40 | |
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| SAE 10W-30 | |
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| SAE 10W-40 | |
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| SAE 15W-40 | |
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Note: Supplemental heat is recommended for cold soaked starts below the minimum ambient temperature. Supplemental heat may be necessary for cold soaked starts that are above the minimum temperature that is stated, depending on the parasitic load and other factors. Cold soaked starts occur when the engine has not been operated for a period of time. This allows the oil to become more viscous due to cooler ambient temperatures.
Caterpillar has developed a maintenance tool that evaluates oil degradation. the maintenance management also detects the early signs of wear on internal components. The Caterpillar tool for oil analysis is called S·O·S oil analysis and the tool is part of the S·O·S Services program. S·O·S oil analysis divides oil analysis into four categories:
- Component wear rate
- Oil condition
- Oil contamination
- Identification of oil
These four types of analysis are used to monitor the condition of your equipment. The four types of analysis will also help you identify potential problems. A properly administered S·O·S oil analysis program will reduce repair costs and the program will lessen the impact of downtime.
The S·O·S oil analysis program uses a wide range of tests to determine the condition of the oil and the condition of the lubricated compartment. Guidelines that are based on experience and a correlation to failures have been established for these tests. Exceeding one or more of these guidelines could indicate serious fluid degradation or a pending component failure. A trained person at your Caterpillar dealership should make the final analysis.
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Always use a designated pump for oil sampling, and use a separate designated pump for coolant sampling. Using the same pump for both types of samples may contaminate the samples that are being drawn. This contaminate may cause a false analysis and an incorrect interpretation that could lead to concerns by both dealers and customers. |
Refer to Special Publication, SEBU6251, "Caterpillar Commercial Engine Fluids Recommendations" in order to obtain additional information about S·O·S Services oil analysis. You can also contact your local Caterpillar dealer.
Refill Capacities (Engine Oil)
The refill capacities for the engine crankcase reflect the approximate capacity of the crankcase or sump plus standard oil filters. Auxiliary oil filter systems will require additional oil. Refer to the OEM specifications for the capacity of the auxiliary oil filter.
| Approximate Refill Capacities | ||
| Compartment or System | Liters | Quarts |
| Engine Crankcase with Standard Sump | 28.4 | 30 |
Filter the fuel coming into the bulk storage fuel tank to 20 microns(c) absolute or less.
Caterpillar strongly recommends the filtration of distillate fuel and/or biodiesel/biodiesel blends through a fuel filter with a rating of four microns(c) absolute or less. This filtration should be located on the device that dispenses the fuel to the fuel tank for the engine, and also on the devise that dispenses fuel from the bulk storage tank. Series filtration is recommended.
Diesel engines have the ability to burn a wide variety of fuels. These fuels are divided into two general groups. The two groups are called the preferred fuels and the permissible fuels.
The preferred fuels provide maximum engine service life and performance. The preferred fuels are distillate fuels. These fuels are commonly called diesel fuel, furnace oil, gas oil, or kerosene. These fuels must meet the Caterpillar specification for distillate diesel fuel that is found in Special Publication, SEBU6251, "Caterpillar Commercial Engine Fluids Recommendations".
Note: The permissible fuels are some crude oils, some blends of crude oil with distillate fuel, some biodiesel, and some marine diesel fuel. These fuels are not suitable for use in all engine applications. The acceptability of these fuels for use is determined on an individual basis. A complete fuel analysis is required. Consult your Caterpillar dealer for further information.
There are many different types of fuel additives that are available to use. Caterpillar does not generally recommend the use of fuel additives.
Caterpillar recommends that all distillate diesel fuel, including ULSD fuel (fuel ≤ 15 ppm sulfur using ASTM D5453, ASTM D2622 or ISO 20846, ISO 20884) meet the requirements of the Caterpillar Specification for Distillate Diesel Fuel that are specified in Table 3.
Note: ULSD has less electrical conductivity than LSD. Follow all grounding and safety practices that are standard for the industry.
| Caterpillar Specification for Distillate Diesel Fuel(1) | |||
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| Specifications | Requirements | ASTM Test | ISO Test |
| Aromatics | 35% maximum | "D1319" | "ISO 3837" |
| Ash | 0.02% maximum (weight) | "D482" | "ISO 6245" |
| Carbon Residue on 10% Bottoms | 0.35% maximum (weight) | "D524" | "ISO 4262" |
| Cetane Number (2) | 40 minimum (DI engines) | "D613"
or "D6890" |
"ISO 5165" |
| 35 minimum (PC engines) | |||
| Cloud Point | The cloud point must not exceed the lowest expected ambient temperature. | "D2500" | "ISO 3015" |
| Copper Strip Corrosion | No. 3 maximum | "D130" | "ISO 2160" |
| Distillation | 10% at maximum |
"D86" | "ISO 3405" |
| 90% at maximum |
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| Flash Point | legal limit | "D93" | "ISO 2719" |
| Thermal Stability | Minimum of 80% reflectance after aging for 180 minutes at |
"D6468" | No equivalent test |
| API Gravity (3) | 30 minimum | "D287" | No equivalent test |
| 45 maximum | |||
| Pour Point | |
"D97" | "ISO 3016" |
| Sulfur (1)(4) | 1% maximum | "D5453"
or "D2622" |
ISO 20846
or ISO 20884 |
| Kinematic Viscosity (5) | 1.4 cSt minimum and 20.0 cSt maximum as delivered to the fuel injection pumps | - | - |
| 1.4 cSt minimum and 4.5 cSt maximum as delivered to the rotary fuel injection pumps | |||
| Water and Sediment | 0.1% maximum | "D1796" | "ISO 3734" |
| Water | 0.1% maximum | "D1744" | No equivalent test |
| Sediment | 0.05% maximum (weight) | "D473" | "ISO 3735" |
| Gums and Resins (6) | 10 mg per 100 mL maximum | "D381" | "ISO 6246" |
| Lubricity (7) | |
"D6079" | No equivalent test |
| (1) | This specification includes the requirements for Ultralow Sulfur Diesel (ULSD). ULSD fuel will have ≤ 15 ppm (0.0015%) sulfur using one of the following test methods: "ASTM D5453", "ASTM D2622" and "ISO 20846""ISO 20884". This specification includes the requirements for Low Sulfur Diesel (LSD). LSD fuel will have ≤ 500 ppm (0.05%) sulfur using one of the following test methods: "ASTM D5453", "ASTM D2622" and "ISO 20846""ISO 20884". Aftertreatment devices can be permanently damaged by the use of high sulfur fuels. |
| (2) | Alternatively, to ensure a minimum cetane number of 35 (PC engines), and 40 (DI engines), distillate diesel fuel should have a minimum cetane index of 37.5 (PC engines), and 44.2 (DI engines) when the ASTM D4737-96a test method is used. A fuel with a higher cetane number may be required for operation at a higher altitude or in cold weather. |
| (3) | Via standards tables, the equivalent kg/m3 (kilograms per cubic meter) using the "ASTM D287" test method temperature of |
| (4) | Fuel sulfur levels affect exhaust emissions. High sulfur fuels also increase the potential for corrosion of internal components. Fuel sulfur levels above 1% may significantly shorten the oil change interval. Caterpillar strongly recommends that S·O·S Services oil analysis be used to determine oil change intervals when fuel sulfur levels are above 1%. Contact your Caterpillar dealer for guidance when fuel sulfur levels are above 1%. For additional information, see Special Publication, SEBU6251, "Caterpillar Commercial Engine Fluids Recommendations", "Engine Oil" topic. |
| (5) | The values of the fuel viscosity are the values as the fuel is delivered to the fuel injection pumps. For ease of comparison, fuels should also meet the minimum and maximum viscosity requirements at |
| (6) | Follow the test conditions and procedures for gasoline (motor). |
| (7) | The lubricity of a fuel is a concern with low sulfur and ultra low sulfur fuel. To determine the lubricity of the fuel, use the "ASTM D6079 High Frequency Reciprocating Rig (HFRR)" test. If the lubricity of a fuel does not meet the minimum requirements, consult your fuel supplier. Do not treat the fuel without consulting the fuel supplier. Some additives are not compatible. These additives can cause problems in the fuel system. |
Biodiesel that meets the requirements that are listed in the Caterpillar specification for biodiesel, ASTM D6751, or EN 14214 are acceptable blendstock. Biodiesel may be blended in amounts up to a maximum of 30 percent with an acceptable diesel fuel. This blend is acceptable provided that the biodiesel constituent meets the requirements that are outlined in Table 4 prior to blending. In addition, the final blend must meet the requirements for distillate diesel fuel that are listed in the “Caterpillar Specification for Distillate Diesel Fuel”, Table 3.
Note: A complete Caterpillar S·O·S Services oil analysis program is strongly recommended when using biodiesel blends above 5 percent.
| Caterpillar Specification for Biodiesel Fuel(1) | ||||
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| Property | Test Method | Test Method | Units | Limits |
| United States | International | Specific Properties of Fuel | ||
| Density at 15°C | "ASTM D1298" | "ISO 3675" | g/cm3 | 0.86-0.90 |
| Viscosity at 40°C | "ASTM D445" | "ISO 3104" | mm2/s | 4.0-6.0 |
| Flash Point | "ASTM D93" | "ISO 3679" | °C | 130 minimum |
| Cold Filter Plugging
- Summer - Winter |
"ASTM D4539" | "DIN EN 116" | °C | 0
6 below ambient |
| Pour Point
- Summer - Winter |
"ASTM D97" | "ISO 3016" | °C | -9 maximum
-20 maximum |
| Sulfur Content | "ASTM D5453" | "ISO 20846"
"ISO 20884" |
% weight | 0.0015 maximum |
| Distillation
- 10% Evaporation - 90% Evaporation |
"ASTM D1160" | °C | To Be Determined
345 |
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| Carbon Residue, Conradson (CCR) | "ASTM D4530" | "ISO 10370" | % weight | 0.05 maximum |
| Cetane Number | "ASTM D613" | "ISO 5165" | 45 minimum | |
| Sulfated Ash | "ASTM D874" | "ISO 3987" | % weight | 0.02 maximum |
| Water/Sediment Content | "ASTM D2709" | "ISO 12937" | g/m3 | 500 maximum |
| Copper Corrosion | "ASTM D130" | "ISO 2160" | No. 1 | |
| Oxidation Stability | "ASTM D2274" | "EN 14112" | mg/100mL | 15 maximum |
| Esterification | "EN 14103" | % volume | 98.0 minimum | |
| Acid Value | "ASTM D664" | "EN 14104" | mg NaOH/g | 0.5 maximum |
| Methanol Content | GC Method | "EN 14110" | % weight | 0.2 maximum |
| Monoglycerides | "ASTM D6584" | "EN 14105" | % weight | 0.8 maximum |
| Diglycerides | "ASTM D6584" | "EN 14105" | % weight | 0.2 maximum |
| Triglycerides | "ASTM D6584" | "EN 14105" | % weight | 0.2 maximum |
| Free Glycerine | "ASTM D6584" | "EN 14105" | % weight | 0.02 maximum |
| Total Glycerine | "ASTM D6584" | "EN 14105" | % weight | 0.240 maximum |
| Iodine Number | "EN 14111" | cg I2/g | 110 maximum | |
| Phosphorus Content | "ASTM D4951" | "EN 14107" | mg/kg | 0.001 |
| (1) | The final blend of biodiesel as used in the engine must meet the requirements that are stated in the “Caterpillar Specification for Distillate Diesel Fuel for Diesel Engines” in Table 3. |
Note: Fuels that meet "ASTM D6751" or "EN 14214" may be used for blending with an acceptable distillate fuel. The conditions, recommendations, and limits that are noted in this biodiesel section apply.
In special circumstances, Caterpillar recognizes the need for fuel additives. Fuel additives need to be used with caution. The additive may not be compatible with the fuel. Some additives may precipitate. This action causes deposits in the fuel system. The deposits may cause seizure. Some additives may plug fuel filters. Some additives may be corrosive, and some additives may be harmful to the elastomers in the fuel system. Some additives may damage emission control systems. Some additives may raise fuel sulfur levels above the maximum levels that are allowed by the following agencies: EPA and other regulatory agencies. Contact your fuel supplier for those circumstances when fuel additives are required. Your fuel supplier can make recommendations for additives to use and for the proper level of treatment.
Note: For best results, your fuel supplier should treat the fuel when additives are needed.
For further information about fuel that is acceptable for use in your engine, refer to Special Publication, SEBU6251, "Caterpillar Commercial Engine Fluids Recommendations", "Distillate Diesel Fuels" topic.
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Never operate an engine without water temperature regulators in the cooling system. Water temperature regulators help to maintain the engine coolant at the proper operating temperature. Cooling system problems can develop without water temperature regulators. Removing the regulators allows some coolant to bypass the radiator, potentially causing overheating. |
The following two types of coolants may be used in Caterpillar Diesel Engines:
Preferred - Cat ELC (Extended Life Coolant) or a commercial extended life coolant that meets the Caterpillar EC-1 (Engine Coolant -1) specification
Acceptable - Cat DEAC (Diesel Engine Antifreeze/Coolant) or a commercial heavy-duty antifreeze/coolant that meets "ASTM D4985" or "ASTM D6210" specifications
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Do not use a commercial coolant/antifreeze that only meets the ASTM "D3306" specification. This type of coolant/antifreeze is made for light duty automotive applications. Use only the coolant/antifreeze that is recommended. |
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Water alone and/or water mixed with SCA are not approved coolants for use with C7-C32 Heat Exchanger cooled marine engines. C7-C32 heat exchanger cooled marine engines require a minimum of 30 percent glycol to prevent cavitation of cooling system components, with a minimum of 50 percent glycol very strongly recommended. Use only glycol based coolants that meet one or more of the coolant specifications that are defined as preferred or acceptable in Special Publication, SEBU6251, "Caterpillar Commercial Diesel Engine Fluids Recommendations" and that also comply with any additional requirements that are stated in Special Publication, SEBU6251, "Caterpillar Commercial Diesel Engine Fluids Recommendations" (i.e. chemical composition, the use of SCA, the use of Extender, etc.). |
The following coolant require a treatment of SCA at the initial fill:
- Coolants which only meet the requirements of "ASTM D4985"
The following coolant do not require a treatment of SCA at the initial fill:
- Coolants which only meet the requirements of "ASTM D6210"
- Cat DEAC
The following coolant require treatment with SCA on a maintenance basis:
- Cat DEAC
- Coolants which only meet the requirements of "ASTM D4985"
- Coolants which only meet the requirements of "ASTM D6210"
| Coolant Service Life | |
| Coolant Type | Service Life (1)(2) |
| Cat ELC | 12000 Service Hours or Six Years(3) |
| Commercial coolant that meets the Caterpillar EC-1 Specification | 6000 Service Hours or Six Years(4)(5) |
| Cat DEAC | 3000 Service Hours or Three Years |
| Commercial Heavy-Duty Coolant/Antifreeze that meets "ASTM D6210" | 3000 Service Hours or Two Years |
| Commercial Heavy-Duty Coolant/Antifreeze that meets "ASTM D4985" | 3000 Service Hours or One Year |
| Cat SCA(6) and water(7) | 3000 Service Hours or Two Years |
| Commercial supplemental coolant additive(8) and water(6)(7)(8) | 3000 Service Hours or One Year |
| (1) | Use the interval that occurs first. |
| (2) | Refer to the engine's Operation and Maintenance Manuals, "Maintenance Interval Schedule" for the correct interval for replacement of the cooling system water temperature regulator. |
| (3) | Cat ELC Extender must be added at 6000 service hours or one half of the service life of the Cat ELC. |
| (4) | An extender must be added at 3000 service hours or one half of the service life of the coolant. |
| (5) | In order to be used in Caterpillar diesel engines in accordance with the service interval for EC-1 coolants that is listed in this Special Publication, commercial EC-1 coolants must also pass/conform to the additional requirements for EC-1 specification coolants as stated in the coolant section of this Special Publication. |
| (6) | The concentration of Cat SCA in a cooling system that uses Cat SCA and water should be from 6 to 8 percent by volume. |
| (7) | Refer to this Special Publication, "General Coolant Information" under the section that discusses the requirements for water. |
| (8) | Consult the supplier for the commercial SCA for instructions on usage. Also, refer to this Special Publication, "Water/Supplemental Coolant Additive" topic for additional information. |
Note: These coolant change intervals are only achievable with annual S·O·S Services Level 2 coolant sampling and analysis.
Cat ELC can be recycled into conventional coolants.
Testing the engine coolant is important to ensure that the engine is protected from internal cavitation and corrosion. The analysis also tests the ability of the coolant to protect the engine from boiling and freezing. S·O·S coolant analysis can be done at your Caterpillar dealer. Caterpillar S·O·S coolant analysis is the best way to monitor the condition of your coolant and your cooling system. S·O·S coolant analysis is a program that is based on periodic samples.
S·O·S Coolant Analysis (Level 1)
A coolant analysis (Level 1) is a test of the following properties of the coolant:
- Glycol concentration for freeze protection and boil protection
- Ability to protect from erosion and corrosion
- pH
- Conductivity
- Visual analysis
- Odor analysis
For information about performing this maintenance, refer to this Operation and Maintenance Manual, "Coolant System Coolant Sample (Level 1) - Obtain". For information about performing this maintenance, refer to this Operation and Maintenance Manual, "Maintenance Interval Schedule".
S·O·S Coolant Analysis (Level 2)
A coolant analysis ( Level 2) is a comprehensive chemical evaluation of the coolant. The S·O·S coolant analysis ( Level 2) has the following features:
- Full coolant analysis (Level 1)
- Identification of metal corrosion and of contaminants
- Identification of buildup of the impurities that cause corrosion
- Identification of buildup of the impurities that cause scaling
- Determination of the possibility of electrolysis within the cooling system of the engine
Contact your local Caterpillar dealer for additional information concerning the S·O·S Coolant Analysis program.
| Approximate Refill Capacities | ||
|---|---|---|
| Compartment or System | Liters | Quarts |
| Engine and Expansion Tank(1) | 45.4 | 48 |
| (1) | The following capacities are for engines that have expansion tanks that are installed in the factory. Cooling systems which are installed by the OEM for the vessel may differ. Refer to the OEM specifications. |
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These recommendations are subject to change without notice. Contact your local Caterpillar dealer for the most up to date recommendations. |
Caterpillar provides various greases that vary in performance from a moderate performance to an extremely high performance. These greases service the entire line of Caterpillar products in the wide variety of climates throughout the world. From this variety of Caterpillar grease products, you can find a Caterpillar grease that will meet or exceed the performance requirements of most on-highway trucks.
The performance requirements of your engine must be determined before you select any Caterpillar grease. Consult the recommendations for greases that are made by the OEM for the equipment. Then, consult with your Caterpillar dealer for a list of greases that have the performance specifications and the available sizes of containers.
Note: Always choose grease that meets or exceeds the recommendations that are specified by the equipment manufacturer for the application.
If it is necessary to choose a single grease to use for all of the equipment at one site, always choose a grease that meets or exceeds the requirements of the most demanding application. Remember that the products which barely meet the minimum performance requirements can be expected to barely produce the minimum lives of your parts. False economy is being used if a grease is purchased with the lowest cost as the only consideration. Instead, use the grease that yields the lowest total operating cost. This cost should be based on an analysis that includes the costs of parts, labor, downtime, and the cost of the amount of grease that is required.
Some greases are not chemically compatible with other greases. Consult your supplier in order to determine if the greases are compatible. Purge all of the old grease from a joint in the following circumstances:
- Before you change from one type of grease to another type of grease
- Before you change from one brand of grease to another brand of grease
All Caterpillar greases are chemically compatable but may be formulated for different levels of performance. Mixing Caterpillar greases can affect the performance of the greases. Do not mix Caterpillar greases.
If you are not certain that the old grease is compatible with the new grease, purge the old grease from the system before applying the new grease.