C27 and C32 Engines for Caterpillar Built Machines Caterpillar

Exhaust Has Excessive Black Smoke

Usage:

990K A9P

Use this procedure in order to troubleshoot exhaust with excessive black smoke.

Probable Causes

Software
Inlet air restriction
Exhaust restriction
Sensor
Fuel quality
Valve lash
Gear train

Recommended Actions

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Table 1
Troubleshooting Test Steps	Values	Results
1. Ensure that the latest Flash File Software is Installed in the ECM A. Connect Cat^® Electronic Technician (ET) to the service tool connector. B. Use Cat ET to verify that the correct flash file is being used.	Flash File	Result: The latest flash file is installed. Proceed to Test Step 2. Result: The latest flash file is not installed. Repair: Perform the following procedure: 1. Download the latest flash file from SIS Web. 2. Install the software into the ECM. Refer to Troubleshooting, "ECM Software - Install", for additional information. If the problem is not resolved, proceed to Test Step 2.
2. Check for a Restriction in the Inlet Air System A. Check the air filter restriction indicator, if equipped. Refer to the Operation and Maintenance Manual. B. Measure the inlet air restriction for each turbocharger. Refer to Troubleshooting, "Inlet Air Is Restricted" for additional information.	Restriction	Result: The inlet air restriction is OK. Proceed to Test Step 3. Result: The inlet air restriction is NOT OK. An imbalance in the system is discovered. Repair: Repair or replace damaged inlet air system components. Equalize the inlet air restriction for each of the turbochargers. If the problem is not resolved, proceed to Test Step 3.
3. Check for a Restriction in the Exhaust System A. Measure the exhaust restriction during engine operation with a load. For data that is specific to your engine, refer to the Technical Marketing Information (TMI).	Restriction	Result: The exhaust restriction measurement is OK. Proceed to Test Step 4. Result: The exhaust restriction measurement is NOT OK. Repair: Repair or replace damaged exhaust system components. Note: If the exhaust temperature in a cylinder varies more than 50° C (122° F) from the normal operating temperature, inspect the injector for damage. If the problem is not resolved, proceed to Test Step 4.
4. Check for Proper Operation of the Intake Manifold Pressure Sensor A. Connect Cat ET. B. Use Cat ET to monitor following pressure: - "Intake Manifold Pressure" C. Ensure that the reading is steady and varies with engine speed and load. D. Verify that the status of the "Intake Manifold Pressure" is 0 kPa (0 psi) while the engine is not running.	Sensor	Result: The intake manifold pressure sensor appears to be operating correctly. Proceed to Test Step 5. Result: There appears to be a problem with the intake manifold pressure sensor. Repair: Replace the intake manifold pressure sensor. If the problem is not resolved, proceed to Test Step 5.
5. Check the Fuel Quality A. Obtain a fuel analysis. The grade of the fuel affects the rate of fuel consumption. Refer to the engines Operation and Maintenance Manual for additional information. B. Ensure that the fuel quality is not being affected by cold-weather conditions.	Fuel Quality	Result: The fuel quality is OK. Proceed to Test Step 6. Result: The fuel quality is NOT OK. Repair: Replace the fuel. If the problem is not resolved, proceed to Test Step 6.
6. Check the Valve Lash Note: The valve lash can affect the performance of the engine.	Valve Lash	Result: The valve lash is OK. Proceed to Test Step 7. Result: The valve lash is NOT OK. Repair: Reset the valve lash. Refer to Testing and Adjusting, "Valve Lash - Adjust" for additional information. If the problem is not resolved, proceed to Test Step 7.
7. Inspect the Gear Train A. Check the following gear train for damage: - Crankshaft gear - Camshaft drive gear B. Verify that the crankshaft and the camshaft drive gears are set with the proper orientation for engine timing.	Gear Train	Result: The gear train has excessive wear. Repair: Repair or replace damaged gear train components. Refer to the Disassembly and Assembly manual and the Reuse and Salvage Guidelines manual for additional information. Verify that the repair eliminated the problem.

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