Usage:
Engine Inspection and Adjustment
Preparation for Inspection and Adjustment of Valve Clearances
Cylinder head bolt tightening sequence
(1) Inspect and adjust valve clearances when the engine is cold.
(2) Loosen the cylinder head bolts slightly, and retighten them to the specified torque in the order shown in the diagram on the right.
Inspection of Adjustment of Valve Clearances
Turning engine
(1) Confirmation of top dead center on compression stroke for cylinder No. 1
(a) By engaging the turning handle on the crankshaft pulley nut, turn the engine in the forward rotating direction (clockwise when viewed from the front of the engine).
(b) Stop turning when the "0" line stamped on the periphery of the crankshaft pulley aligns with the pointer on the timing gear case.
(c) Move up and down the inlet and exhaust valve rocker arms of cylinder No. 1 to make sure that they are not being pushed up by the pushrods. The position in cylinder No. 1 is at the top dead center on the compression stroke when the rocker arms are not being pushed by the pushrods (there is a clearance in each valve). If the rocker arms are being pushed up by the pushrods, turn the crankshaft one more turn.
Confirmation of top dead center on compression stroke for cylinder No. 1
(2) Inspection and adjustment of valve clearances
Adjustment of valve clearance
(a) Insert a feeler gage between the rocker arm and valve cap to inspect the clearance.
(b) Loosen the lock nut, and turn the adjusting screw until the feeler gage is slightly gripped between the rocker arm and valve cap.
(c) After adjustment, tighten the lock nut securely and recheck the clearance.
(d) Turn the engine, and check the valve clearances on the remaining cylinders. The inspection sequence and turning angle are as follows.
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When adjusting the valve clearances after disassembly, rotate the crankshaft 2 or 3 turns after adjustment, and recheck the valve clearances to make sure that the clearances conform to the standard. |
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Fuel System Bleeding
Fuel system bleeding
(1) Loosen the air vent plug on the fuel filter. (approx. 1.5 turns)
(2) Move the priming button for the filter up and down.
(3) When fuel flowing from the vent hole no longer contains air bubbles, tighten the vent plug.
Inspection and Adjustment of No-Load Minimum (Low Idling) Speed and Maximum Speed
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(a) The following adjustments were inspected and set for each engine on the test bench at the factory, and the set bolts are sealed. These settings should be checked and adjusted only at our designated service shop. (b) After the governor parts are adjusted, all external stoppers must be sealed in the same way as when adjustments were made at the factory. (c) Whether the seals are intact or not has important bearing on the validity of claims under warranty. Be sure to seal all the specified sections. (d) When inspecting or adjusting, be ready to operate the engine stop lever manually in case the engine overruns (engine operation at extremely high speed). |
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Prior to inspection and adjustment, conduct a warm-up operation until the coolant and oil temperatures rise above 70 °C [158 °F].
(1) Starting the engine
Inspection and adjustment of no-load minimum (low idling) speed and maximum speed
(a) Pull the speed control lever toward the HIGH SPEED side, and operate the starter switch.
(b) The engine ignites when the rotation speed reaches approximately 150 min-1, and the engine speed rises. Operate the speed control lever to maintain the engine speed between 800 and 1000 min-1.
(c) After the engine speed stabilizes, return the speed control lever to the low idling position.
(2) Low idling setting (no-load minimum rotation speed setting)
Hold the speed control lever at the position of no-load minimum rotation speed, then secure the lever in that position using the idling adjustment screw.
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If there is speed range which causes dangerous torsional vibration, avoid setting the engine speed in that range. |
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(3) Governor setting (maximum rotation speed setting)
(a) Keep the speed control lever at the position of the specified maximum rotation speed.
(b) With the speed control lever held in that position, adjust and set the governor set bolt (maximum rotation speed set screw) to the specified rotation speed).
Inspection of V-Belt Tension
(1) Press the V-belt at a midpoint between the alternator and crankshaft pulley to check the mount of belt deflection.
Inspection of V-belt tension
(2) If the amount of belt deflection does not conform to the standard value, loosen the adjusting bolt and move the alternator to adjust the belt tension.
Engine Break-in Operation
When the engine is overhauled, it should be mounted on a dynamometer and operated for break-in and inspection.
Starting Up
(1) Before starting the engine, check the levels of coolant, engine oil and fuel, and bleed the fuel and cooling system.
(2) With the fuel supply cut off, operate the starter and crank the engine for about 15 seconds to circulate engine oil.
(3) Move the speed control lever slightly in the direction for increased fuel (do not move it to "full injection" position), then turn the starter switch key to the [START] position to start the engine.
(4) After the engine starts, operate the speed control lever to let the engine run at no-load minimum speed (low idling).
Inspection of Engine in Operation
During the break-in period, check the following. If an abnormality is found, stop the engine operation, check the cause of the problem and take appropriate measures.
(1) Engine oil pressure should be 0.2 to 0.4 MPa (2 to 4 kgf/cm2) [29.01 to 58.02 psi] at the rated engine speed, and more than 0.1 MPa (1 kgf/cm2) [14.50 psi] at low idling speed.
(2) Coolant temperature should be 75 to 85 °C [167 to 185 °F].
(3) Engine oil temperature should be 70 to 90 °C [158 to 194 °F].
(4) There should be no leakage of oil, coolant or fuel.
(5) Knocking should stop when the coolant temperature rises, and the engine should not produce any other abnormal noise.
(6) Check the exhaust gas for abnormal color and odors.
Break-In Period
The following shows the relationship between the load in break-in period and the operation time.
Inspection and Adjustment After Break-In Operation
(a) Inspect bolts and nuts for tightness.
(b) Adjust valve clearances.
(c) Inspect the fuel injection start timing.
Performance Tests
There are various performance test procedures. The following describes the procedures specified in "Earth moving machinery - Engine - Part 1: Test code of net power (JIS D0006-1)" and "Earth moving machinery - Engine - Part 2: Standard format of specifications and testing methods of diesel engines (JIS D0006-2)". Other test items may be required in some applications. All test results should be evaluated comprehensively in order to determine the engine performance.
Engine Equipment Condition
The engine must be equipped with standard accessory devices such as cooling fan, air cleaner and alternator.
Test Items and Purposes
(1) Operation load test
Conduct this test to evaluate engine output, torque, fuel consumption and governor performance under various load conditions.
(2) Continuous load test
Operate the engine continuously for 10 hours at 90% load (continuous load application) of nominal net brake power while the engine speed is maintained at revolutions corresponding to the nominal brake power. In this test, evaluate the fuel consumption and operating condition, and confirm that the engine is capable of continuous operation.
(3) No-load minimum engine speed test
Conduct this test to confirm that the engine can operate stably at the specified no-load minimum speed.
Other Inspections
Check for leakages of gases, coolant, and oil; abnormal odors; and hunting. Make adjustments as needed.
Engine Output Adjustment
Diesel engine output is affected by atmospheric pressure, temperature and humidity. Therefore, it is necessary to perform correction calculations to obtain the value of engine output under the standard atmospheric conditions.
- Standard temperature: 298 K (25 °C) [77 °F)
- Total atmospheric pressure: 100 kPa (750 mmHg)
- Standard dry atmospheric pressure: 99 kPa (743 mmHg)
- Total atmospheric pressure: 100 kPa (750 mmHg)
(1) Standard atmospheric conditions:
(2) Calculation of corrected power
Multiply the measured brake power or torque by the calculated diesel engine correction factor to obtain a corrected value.
(3)
If this range is exceeded, indicate the corrected value, and record the test conditions on the test record.