Cylinder Block and Liners
A steel spacer plate is used between the cylinder heads and the block for the following reasons:
- Eliminate the liner counterbore in the block.
- Provide the maximum liner flange support area. The liner flange sits directly on the cylinder block.
Engine coolant flows around the liners in order to cool the liners. Three O-ring seals at the bottom and a filler band at the top of each cylinder liner form a seal between the liner and the cylinder block.
Pistons, Rings, and Connection Rods
The cast aluminum piston has three rings. The piston has two compression rings and one oil ring. All rings are located above the piston pin bore. The two compression rings are of the KEYSTONE type and seat in an iron band that is cast into the piston. KEYSTONE rings have a tapered shape. The rings' movements in the piston grooves result in a constantly changing clearance between the ring and the groove. This action results in a reduction of carbon deposit and possible sticking of rings.
The oil ring is a conventional type. The oil ring is spring loaded. Holes in the oil ring groove allow the oil to return to the crankcase.
The piston has a full skirt. The piston uses a cardioid design for the top surface in order to help the combustion efficiency.
The full floating piston pin is retained by two snap rings which fit in grooves in the pin bore.
Piston cooling jets that are located on the cylinder block main webs direct oil to the undersides of the pistons. The piston cooling jets help to cool the piston components and the cylinder walls. The piston cooling jets help to lubricate the piston components and the cylinder walls.
The two-piece pistons consist of an alloy steel crown that is connected to an aluminum skirt by the piston pin. All three rings are located in grooves in the piston crown.
The connecting rod has a taper on the pin bore end. This allows the maximum utilization of the available space for the load. Two bolts hold the rod cap to the rod. This design keeps the rod width to a minimum, so that the rod can be removed through the cylinder.
Crankshaft
The crankshaft changes the combustion forces in the cylinder into usable rotating torque which powers the machine. The gear at the front of the crankshaft is used to drive the timing gears and the engine oil pump.
The crankshaft is supported by seven main bearings. Pressure oil is supplied to all bearing surfaces through drilled holes in the crankshaft.
Seals and wear sleeves are used at both ends of the crankshaft. The front seal is different from the rear seal.
Camshaft
The engine uses a forged camshaft that is driven at the front end. The camshaft is supported by seven bearings. Each lobe on the camshaft moves a roller follower.
Vibration Damper
The twisting of the crankshaft is due to the regular power impacts along the crankshaft's length. The twisting is called torsional vibration. The vibration damper is installed on the front end of the crankshaft. The vibration damper is used to reduce the torsional vibrations in the crankshaft. The damper stops the vibration from building up to amounts that cause damage.
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| Illustration 1 | g00521473 |
Cross Section of a Vibration Damper (1) Outer hub (2) Rubber ring (3) Inner hub | |
The outer hub (1) is connected to an inner hub (3) by a rubber ring (2). The rubber makes a flexible coupling between the outer hub and the inner hub. The rubber ring absorbs the torsional vibrations.