24 Motor Grader Caterpillar

CAN Data Link - Test

Usage:

24 E9Z

Steering ECM

The following is a list of Diagnostic Trouble Codes (DTCs) that are associated with the CAN data link of the machine.

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Table 1
Steering ECM
DTC	Code Description	System Response
247-9	SAE J1939 Data Link : Abnormal Update Rate	Loss of SAE J1939 Data Link communications
247-14	SAE J1939 Data Link : Special Instructions	Loss of SAE J1939 Data Link communications
2348-9	SAE J1939 Data Link #2 : Abnormal Update Rate	Loss of SAE J1939 Data Link #2 communications
2348-14	SAE J1939 Data Link #2 : Special Instructions	Loss of SAE J1939 Data Link #2 communications
2905-9	Switch Panel #2 (Lower Keypad) : Abnormal Update Rate	Loss of SAE J1939 Data Link #2 communications
3586–9	Switch Panel #1 (Upper Keypad) : Abnormal Update Rate	Loss of SAE J1939 Data Link #2 communications

Transmission ECM

The following is a list of Diagnostic Trouble Codes (DTCs) that are associated with the CAN data link of the machine.

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Table 2
Transmission ECM
DTC	Code Description	System Response
247-9	SAE J1939 Data Link : Abnormal Update Rate	Loss of SAE J1939 Data Link communications
247-14	SAE J1939 Data Link : Special Instructions	Loss of SAE J1939 Data Link communications
2348-9	SAE J1939 Data Link #2 : Abnormal Update Rate	Loss of SAE J1939 Data Link #2 communications
2348-14	SAE J1939 Data Link #2 : Special Instructions	Loss of SAE J1939 Data Link #2 communications
2905-9	Switch Panel #2 (Lower Keypad) : Abnormal Update Rate	Loss of SAE J1939 Data Link #2 communications
3586–9	Switch Panel #1 (Upper Keypad) : Abnormal Update Rate	Loss of SAE J1939 Data Link #2 communications

Implement ECM

The following is a list of Diagnostic Trouble Codes (DTCs) that are associated with the CAN data link of the machine.

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Table 3
Implement ECM
DTC	Code Description	System Response
247-9	SAE J1939 Data Link : Abnormal Update Rate	Loss of SAE J1939 Data Link communications
247-14	SAE J1939 Data Link : Special Instructions	Loss of SAE J1939 Data Link communications
2348-9	SAE J1939 Data Link #2 : Abnormal Update Rate	Loss of SAE J1939 Data Link #2 communications
2348-14	SAE J1939 Data Link #2 : Special Instructions	Loss of SAE J1939 Data Link #2 communications

Machine ECM

The following is a list of Diagnostic Trouble Codes (DTCs) that are associated with the CAN data link of the machine.

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Table 4
Machine ECM
DTC	Code Description	System Response
247-9	SAE J1939 Data Link : Abnormal Update Rate	Loss of SAE J1939 Data Link communications
247-14	SAE J1939 Data Link : Special Instructions	Loss of SAE J1939 Data Link communications
2348-9	SAE J1939 Data Link #2 : Abnormal Update Rate	Loss of SAE J1939 Data Link #2 communications
2348-14	SAE J1939 Data Link #2 : Special Instructions	Loss of SAE J1939 Data Link #2 communications
2905-9	Switch Panel #2 (Lower Keypad) : Abnormal Update Rate	Loss of SAE J1939 Data Link #2 communications
3586–9	Switch Panel #1 (Upper Keypad) : Abnormal Update Rate	Loss of SAE J1939 Data Link #2 communications

FMI Test Procedures and Schematic

Each CAN data link circuit is an input and output of select electronic control modules. The data link is designed to carry communications between the electronic control modules. The data link consists of internal control circuits and the connecting harness wiring.

Possible causes for an FMI 2 diagnostic code are:

The machine harness and/or connectors are in need of repair or replacement.
All the software part numbers are not correct.

Possible causes for an FMI 9 diagnostic code are:

The wrong software is installed on an ECM.
The ECM is communicating intermittently.
Terminating resistors on the J1939 data link are missing or have failed.
An open or a poor connection in the data link circuit.
Short in the data link circuit.
An ECM or smart device is not powering up or powering down properly.
Lack of key switch input to an ECM or smart device (where applicable).
The energize circuit for the MSS Key Reader may have failed.
Electronic noise from other electric circuits introduced into the data link.
One of the ECMs or smart devices has failed. This condition is unlikely.

Note: A loss of power to any ECM on the data link can cause the ECM to activate this diagnostic code combination. Ensure that the ECMs identified by this diagnostic code are powered up before proceeding with this procedure.

The FMI 09 means that the ECM has lost all communication with another control module.

The CID 0247 FMI 09 diagnostic code will never be activated by the ECM as a stand-alone diagnostic code. The ECM will only activate the CID 0247 FMI 09 diagnostic code with one of the following Component Identifier (CID) codes:

CID 0596 FMI 09 - Implement ECM

CID 0590 FMI 09 - Engine ECM

The diagnostic code combination is caused by abnormal communications between the ECM and a specific ECM module via the data link. The update rate is not correct.

Possible causes for an FMI 14 diagnostic code are:

The FMI 14 diagnostic code is used by the ECM as a "companion code" that is activated simultaneously with a diagnostic code from another control module to indicate that the Data Link has an abnormal condition.

The FMI 14 diagnostic code will never be activated by the ECM as a stand-alone diagnostic code. The ECM will only activate the FMI 14 diagnostic code along with one of the following module communication codes.

Possible causes for an FMI 19 diagnostic code are:

The wiring for the data link connection may be damaged.
The ECM is operating intermittently.

The FMI 19 diagnostic code is caused by erroneous network data between the ECM and select modules on the CAN data link. The component for measuring the real world data is wired directly to the module sourcing the data to the network. This code indicates that the message was received properly but the value was an error indicator. The reason this code is set is because the ECM will need to take response action based on the error value.

Note: The FMI 19 diagnostic code is accompanied by other diagnostic codes related to the data link.

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Illustration 1	g06313699
CAN Data Link connections

The diagram above is a simplified schematic of the electrical circuit. The schematic is electrically correct. However, not all the possible harness connectors are shown.

Refer to the latest revision of Electrical Schematic, M0093711 for the complete schematic.

Diagnostic Trouble Code Procedure

Prior to beginning this procedure, inspect the harness connectors that are involved in this circuit. Poor connections can often be the cause of a problem in an electrical circuit. Verify that all connections in the circuit are clean, secure, and in good condition. Check the wiring for pinch points or abrasions. Look for and repair areas that indicate wires are exposed. If a problem with a connection is found, correct the problem and verify that this diagnostic code is active before performing a troubleshooting procedure.

Identify the active FMI code associated with the components.
Determine which code is present and use the list below to determine which procedure to follow.

FMI 2 diagnostic code, proceed to Table 5.
FMI 9 diagnostic code, proceed to Table 6.
FMI 14 diagnostic code, proceed to Table 7.
FMI 19 diagnostic code, proceed to Table 8.

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Table 5
FMI 2 Troubleshooting
Troubleshooting Test Steps	Values	Results
1. Inspect The Harness Connections A. Turn key start switch and disconnect switch OFF. B. Inspect all harness connections related to the CAN data link. Make sure that the connectors are clean and tight. C. Check the connectors for proper mating. Ensure that all the seals are present and in place. D. Check the harness for signs of damage or abrasion. E. Check the wires at the connector. Ensure that the wires are secured tightly into the connector. Take care not to pull the wire out of the connector. F. Check the exposed wires at the connectors for nicks or signs of abrasion. G. Check for moisture inside the connector.	The machine harness connectors are tight and free of corrosion.	OK - The machine harness connectors are tight and free of corrosion. Proceed to Test Step 2. NOT OK - The machine harness connectors are in need of repair. Repair: Repair or replace the machine harness. Proceed to Test Step 3.
2. Verify The Hardware And The Software Part Numbers⁽¹⁾ A. Verify that the following information is correct: - The part number of the flash software for the ECM is correct. - The part number of the ECM is correct. - The part numbers of the sensors are correct.	All the part numbers are correct	OK - All the part numbers are correct Proceed to Test Step 3. NOT OK - All the part numbers are not correct Repair: The ECM or the sensors have the wrong part number or incorrect flash software is installed. Flash the correct software or replace the incorrect ECM or the sensor with a module that has the correct part number. Refer to the Troubleshooting, "ECM - Flash Program" section for additional information Proceed to Test Step 3.
3. Check If The Diagnostic Code Remains A. Turn the key start switch and the disconnect switch ON. B. Clear all diagnostic codes. C. Operate the machine. D. Stop the machine and engage the safety lock lever. E. Check if the diagnostic code is active.	The diagnostic code is no longer present.	OK - The diagnostic code does not exist at this time. The initial diagnostic code may have been caused by poor electrical connection or short at one of the harness connections. Resume machine operation. STOP. NOT OK - The diagnostic trouble code has not been corrected. If the diagnostic code has not been corrected after performing the procedure a second time, the ECM may require replacement. Prior to replacing the ECM, always contact the Technical Communicator at your dealership for possible consultation with Caterpillar. This consultation may effect repair time. Follow the steps in Troubleshooting, "ECM - Replace" if the ECM needs to be replaced. STOP.

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⁽¹⁾	Consult your Technical Communicator for the correct part numbers of the flash software.

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Table 6
FMI 9 Troubleshooting
Troubleshooting Test Steps	Values	Results
1. Verify The Hardware And The Software Part Numbers⁽¹⁾ A. Verify that the following information is correct: - The part number of the flash software for the ECM is correct. - The part number of the ECM is correct. - The part numbers of the sensors are correct.	All the part numbers are correct	OK - All the part numbers are correct Proceed to Test Step 2. NOT OK - All the part numbers are not correct Repair: The ECM or the sensors have the wrong part number or incorrect flash software is installed. Flash the correct software or replace the incorrect ECM or the sensor with a module that has the correct part number. Refer to the Troubleshooting, "ECM - Flash Program" section for additional information Proceed to Test Step 9.
2. Inspect The Harness Connections A. Turn key start switch and disconnect switch OFF. B. Inspect all harness connections related to the CAN data link. Make sure that the connectors are clean and tight. C. Check the connectors for proper mating. Ensure that all the seals are present and in place. D. Check the harness for signs of damage or abrasion. E. Check the wires at the connector. Ensure that the wires are secured tightly into the connector. Take care not to pull the wire out of the connector. F. Check the exposed wires at the connectors for nicks or signs of abrasion. G. Check for moisture inside the connector.	The machine harness connectors are tight and free of corrosion.	OK - The machine harness connectors are tight and free of corrosion. Proceed to Test Step 4. NOT OK - The machine harness connectors are in need of repair. Repair: Repair or replace the machine harness. Proceed to Test Step 9.
3. Check The Voltage Of The Data Link A. Turn the key start switch and the disconnect switch to the ON position. B. Connect Cat^® Electronic Technician (Cat ET) Service Tool and verify which ECMs have logged communication diagnostics. At each ECM or device that is not communicating, use an electrical spoon to measure the voltage. One at a time, measure the voltage of the CAN data link wires to frame ground.	The reading is 0.5V to 4.5V on each wire.	OK - The voltages of the wires for the data links are correct. Proceed to Test Step 6. NOT OK - The voltage is greater than 4.5 V. Proceed to Test Step 7. NOT OK - The voltage is less than 0.5 V. Proceed to Test Step 4.
4. Check For Short To Ground In the Data Link A. The key start switch and disconnect switch remain OFF. B. Disconnect the machine harness connectors from all electronic control modules that use the suspect CAN data link. C. At the machine harness for the Machine ECM, measure the resistance between frame ground and the positive CAN connector contact of the circuit. D. At the machine harness for the Machine ECM, measure the resistance between frame ground and the negative CAN connector contact of the circuit.	The reading is greater than 5K Ω.	OK - The harness circuit resistance is correct. Proceed to Test Step 5. NOT OK - A reading is less than 5 Ω. The machine harness has failed. Repair: There is a short between frame ground and the contacts of the CAN data link circuit in the machine harness. Repair or replace the machine harness. Note: A resistance that is greater than 5 Ω but less than 5K Ω would indicate a loose connection or a corroded connection in the circuit. A resistance measurement that is greater than 5K Ω would indicate an open in the circuit. Proceed to Test Step 9.
5. Check For A Short Between The Data Link Wires A. The key start switch and the disconnect switch remain in the OFF position. B. Disconnect the terminating resistors if the resistors are a part of the circuit. C. Measure the continuity between the data link wires.	The reading is greater than 5K Ω.	OK - The resistance measurement is correct. Proceed to Test Step 6. NOT OK - The resistance measurement is not correct. The wires for the data link are shorted together. Repair: Repair the machine harness or replace the harness. Proceed to Test Step 9.
6. Check The Terminating Resistors A. The key start switch and the disconnect switch remain in the OFF position. B. The terminating resistors remain disconnected. C. Check the terminating resistor connectors for the following: -Moisture -Corrosion -Damaged Terminals -Loose Connections D. Measure the resistance between terminal A and B of each terminating resistor that was removed from the CAN circuit.	The reading is approx. 120 Ω.	OK - Both resistance measurements are approximately 120 Ω. The terminating resistors have not failed. Reinstall the terminating resistors. Proceed to Test Step 7. NOT OK - One or both resistance measurements are not approximately 120 Ω. At least one of the resistors is not functioning properly. Repair: Replace the terminating resistor or resistors that have failed. Reinstall the terminating resistor that has not failed. Proceed to Test Step 9.
7. Check For A Short To +Battery Circuit In The Data Link A. The key start switch and disconnect switch are OFF. B. All related modules remain disconnected from the machine harness. C. At the machine harness connector for the Machine ECM, measure the resistance between the connector contact for the +Battery and the positive CAN connector contact. D. At the machine harness connector for the Machine ECM, measure the resistance between the connector contact for the +Battery and the negative CAN connector contact.	The reading is greater than 5K Ω.	OK - The harness circuit resistance is correct. Proceed to Test Step 8. NOT OK - A reading is less than 5 Ω. The machine harness has failed. Repair: There is a short between the +battery circuit and one of the CAN data link circuits in the machine harness. Repair or replace the machine harness. Note: A resistance that is greater than 5 Ω but less than 5K Ω would indicate a loose connection or a corroded connection in the circuit. A resistance measurement that is greater than 5K Ω would indicate an open in the circuit. Proceed to Test Step 9.
8. Check The Data Link For An Open Note: Two 120 Ω resistors should be located on the CAN Data Link. A resistance of 60 Ω should be found at any point on the data link. A. The key start switch and disconnect switch are OFF. B. Use an electrical spoon to connect to the back of the harness connector for each ECM that has communication issues. C. Measure the resistance across the CAN line at each connector to find the open wire. If the resistance measurement is 60 Ω, that connector does not have an open between either terminating resistor. If the resistance measurement is 120 Ω, there is an open at that connector, between one of the terminating resistors. If the resistance is greater than 5K Ω, there is an open between that connector and both terminating resistors. If there is a measurement of 40 Ω, there is an extra terminating resistor somewhere on the line. Once the section of harness containing the open is isolated, repair or replace the machine harness.	All resistance measurements are between 55 and 65 Ω	OK - The resistance measurements are correct. Proceed to Step 9. NOT OK - At least one resistance measurement is greater than 65 Ω. If the resistance is approximately 115 to 125Ω. There is an open in the harness. Repair: Repair or replace the machine harness. Proceed to Test Step 9. NOT OK - At least one resistance measurement is less than 55 Ω. Repair: Look for the source of the short by disconnecting the terminating resistors and check the resistance again. If the resistance is still under 55 Ω, continue disconnecting ECMs and devices from the CAN circuit until the resistance goes up. If everything is disconnected from the CAN circuit, and the resistance still is less than 55 Ω the harness has failed. Repair or replace the machine harness. Proceed to Test Step 9.
9. Check If The Diagnostic Code Remains A. Reconnect all harness connectors. Return machine to normal operating condition. B. Turn the key start switch and the disconnect switch ON. C. Clear all diagnostic codes. D. Operate the machine. E. Stop the machine and engage the safety lock lever. F. Check if the diagnostic code is active.	The diagnostic code is no longer present.	OK - The diagnostic code does not exist at this time. The initial diagnostic code may have been caused by poor electrical connection or short at one of the harness connections. Resume machine operation. STOP. NOT OK - The diagnostic trouble code has not been corrected. If the diagnostic code has not been corrected after performing the procedure a second time, the ECM may require replacement. Prior to replacing the ECM, always contact the Technical Communicator at your dealership for possible consultation with Caterpillar. This consultation may effect repair time. Follow the steps in Troubleshooting, "ECM - Replace" if the ECM needs to be replaced. STOP.

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⁽¹⁾	Consult your Caterpillar Authorized Dealer for the correct part numbers of the flash software.

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Table 7
FMI 14 Troubleshooting
Troubleshooting Test Steps	Values	Results
1. Check For Related Diagnostic Codes A. The FMI 14 diagnostic code for the Data Link is active. Look for one of the active control module diagnostic codes that is listed at the beginning of this procedure.	One of the control module diagnostic codes that is listed at the beginning of this procedure is active.	OK - One of the control module diagnostic codes that is listed at the beginning of this procedure is active. Repair: Go to the troubleshooting procedure for the active control module CID FMI diagnostic code. Perform the troubleshooting procedure for the Data Link circuit that is detailed for the control module to isolate the problem. Proceed to Test Step 2.
2. Check If The Diagnostic Code Remains A. Turn the key start switch and the disconnect switch ON. B. Clear all diagnostic codes. C. Operate the machine. D. Stop the machine and engage the safety lock lever. E. Check if the diagnostic code is active.	The diagnostic code is no longer present.	OK - The diagnostic code does not exist at this time. The initial diagnostic code may have been caused by poor electrical connection or short at one of the harness connections. Resume machine operation. STOP. NOT OK - The diagnostic trouble code has not been corrected. If the diagnostic code has not been corrected after performing the procedure a second time, the ECM may require replacement. Prior to replacing the ECM, always contact the Technical Communicator at your dealership for possible consultation with Caterpillar. This consultation may effect repair time. Follow the steps in Troubleshooting, "ECM - Replace" if the ECM needs to be replaced. STOP.

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Table 8
FMI 19 Troubleshooting
Troubleshooting Test Steps	Values	Results
1. Check For Diagnostic Codes Related To Data Link A. Connect a laptop loaded with the latest version of Cat ET to the service connector. B. Note all diagnostic codes related to the data link. C. Perform the troubleshooting procedure to correct the active diagnostic codes.	All troubleshooting has been performed, the diagnostic code is no longer active.	OK - All troubleshooting has been performed, the diagnostic code is no longer active. Proceed to Test Step 2. NOT OK - All troubleshooting has been performed, diagnostic code is still active. Repair: Perform this procedure again. If the failure is not found, replace the ECM. Proceed to Test Step 2.
2. Check If The Diagnostic Code Remains A. Turn the key start switch and the disconnect switch ON. B. Clear all diagnostic codes. C. Operate the machine. D. Stop the machine and engage the safety lock lever. E. Check if the diagnostic code is active.	The diagnostic code is no longer present.	OK - The diagnostic code does not exist at this time. The initial diagnostic code may have been caused by poor electrical connection or short at one of the harness connections. Resume machine operation. STOP. NOT OK - The diagnostic trouble code has not been corrected. If the diagnostic code has not been corrected after performing the procedure a second time, the ECM may require replacement. Prior to replacing the ECM, always contact the Technical Communicator at your dealership for possible consultation with Caterpillar. This consultation may effect repair time. Follow the steps in Troubleshooting, "ECM - Replace" if the ECM needs to be replaced. STOP.