3408 & 3408B DIESEL TRUCK ENGINE Caterpillar


General Instructions

Usage:

The following instructions will prove helpful to disassemble and assemble engine components. The information should be read and then referred to as necessary.

Cleanliness

Whenever hydraulic, fuel, lubricating oil or air lines are disconnected, clean the point of disconnection and the adjacent area. As soon as the disconnection is made, cap, plug or tape the line or opening to prevent entry of foreign material. The same recommendations for cleaning and covering apply when access covers or inspection plates are removed.

Clean and inspect all parts. Be sure all passages and holes are open. Cover all parts to keep them clean. Be sure parts are clean when installed. Leave new parts in their containers until ready for assembly.

Removal And Installation

Unless otherwise specified, all removals should be accomplished using an adjustable lifting beam. All supporting members (chains and cables) should be parallel to each other and as near perpendicular as possible to the top of the object being lifted.

When it is necessary to remove a component on an angle, remember that the capacity of an eyebolt diminishes as the angle between the supporting members and the object becomes less than 90°. Eyebolts and brackets should never be bent and should only have stress in tension. A length of pipe and a washer can be used, as shown, to help relieve these stresses on eyebolts.

Forged eyebolts are available. Each size eyebolt has a maximum load recommendation.

Some removals require the use of lifting fixtures to obtain proper balance and to provide safe handling.

If a part resists removal, check to be certain all nuts and bolts have been removed and that an adjacent part is not interfering.

Disassembly And Assembly

When assembling an engine, complete each step in turn. Do not partially assemble one part and start assembling some other part. Make all adjustments as recommended. Always check the job after it is completed to see nothing has been overlooked.

Lubrication For A Rebuilt Engine

It is very important for a rebuilt engine to have "adequate" (needed) lubrication during the first seconds of operation. A "dry start" (without needed lubrication) on a rebuilt engine or an engine that has been in storage can cause bearing damage.

To prevent the possibility of a "dry start" and bearing damage during the first seconds of running, use the 1P540 Flow Checking Tool Group and shop air pressure to pressure lubricate (fill the main oil passage with oil under pressure) all rebuilt engines and all engines that have been in storage.

Procedure for Pressure Lubrication

1. Clean the tank of the 1P540 Flow Checking Tool Group thoroughly, and set the pressure regulator to 240 ± 35 kPa (35 ± 5 psi).

------ WARNING! ------

Air pressure should not be more than 345 kPa (50 psi) at any time.

--------WARNING!------

2. Put engine oil in the tank. Use a minimum of 30% of the engine oil capacity. For some engines it will be necessary to fill the tank several times to get the correct amount of oil in the engine.

3. Connect the tooling to the main oil passage of the engine.

4. Add air pressure to the tank, with the regulator set at 240 ± 35 kPa (35 ± 5 psi). Although the tank does not have a hand pump, it is difficult to get enough air pressure to do the job with the hand pump. Therefore, use of shop air is recommended.

5. Let the engine oil flow into the oil passage under pressure.

Fill the crankcase with the correct oil. The amount of oil used in the pressure lubrication procedure must be subtracted from the recommended refill capacity in the Lubrication and Maintenance Guide. If the engine is not going to be used for a long time, do the above procedure again before the first starting.

If shop air is not available for charging the tank, the hand pump may be used to get the minimum required pressure.


NOTICE

Do not use the same 1P540 Flow Checking Tool Group for both "pressure lubrication application" and for checking fuel flow. Incorrect cleaning is probable if the tool is used for both fuel and lube oil. Even a minute amount of dirt in the fuel system can cause fuel nozzle failure.


Initial Operation After Engine Reconditioning

The quality of oil control components used in Caterpillar engines is such that, following engine reconditioning (with Caterpillar Service Parts), only an initial operational check is necessary before continued operation in normal service.

The purpose of this initial operational check is to: insure that the engine has been assembled properly; determine if proper pressures and temperatures are maintained in the lubrication, cooling and fuel systems; correct any leaks; perform necessary adjustments (such as valve clearance, governor high and low idle speeds, etc.); check the power setting of the engine.

To provide a safe, uniform initial operational check, the following procedure is recommended:

1. Motor engine at cranking speed until oil pressure is observed.

2. Operate engine for 10 minutes at low idle.

3. Operate engine for 15 minutes at half-load and 3/4 rated speed.

4. Operate engine for 30 minutes at rated load and speed.

Service Tools

Puller Assembly (2 or 3 Arm)

Two or three arm puller assemblies can be used to remove gears, bearing cages, hubs, bearings, shafts, etc.


TYPICAL EXAMPLE
1. Puller.


TYPICAL EXAMPLE
1. Puller. 2. Step Plate.


TYPICAL EXAMPLE
1. Puller. 2. Step Plate.

Push Pullers

Push Pullers can be used to remove pulleys, gears, shafts, etc., and can be used in a variety of pulling combinations.


TYPICAL EXAMPLE
*1. Adapters. 2. Ratchet Box Wrench. 3. Push Puller. 4. Step Plate. 5. Legs.


*Use as required.


TYPICAL EXAMPLE
1. Push Puller. 2. Adapter. 3. Step Plate.


TYPICAL EXAMPLE
1. Ratchet Box Wrench. 2. Push Puller. 3. Reducing Adapter.


TYPICAL EXAMPLE
1. Push Puller. 2. Ratchet Box Wrench. 3. Step Plate. 4. Bearing Pulling Attachment.


TYPICAL EXAMPLE
1. Push Puller. 2. Bearing Cup Pulling Attachment. 3. Reducing Adapter.


TYPICAL EXAMPLE
1. Bearing Pulling Attachment. 2. Push Puller. 3. Reducing Adapter.

Bearing Pulling Attachment

Bearing Pulling Attachments can be used with forcing bolts, to remove shafts, bearings, gears, etc. They can be used with Push Pullers to provide a variety of pulling combinations.


TYPICAL EXAMPLE
1. Bearing Pulling Attachment. 2. Forcing Bolts.

Bearing Cup Pulling Attachment

Bearing Cup Pulling Attachments are used to remove bearing races or cups, sleeve-type bearings, bearings, seats, etc. and can be used with Push Pullers.


TYPICAL EXAMPLE
1. Screw. 2. Bearing Cup Pulling Attachment. 3. Step Plate.

Rules For Use Of Tools

RULE 1: Always use safe tools.

RULE 2: Keep tools in safe working condition.

RULE 3: Use the correct tool for the job.

RULE 4: Common sense with tools pays off.

Pressing Parts

When pressing one part into another, use 5P3931 Anti-Seize Compound or a molybdenum disulfide base compound to lubricate the mating surfaces.

Assemble tapered parts dry. Before assembling parts with tapered splines, be sure the splines are clean, dry and free from burrs. Position the parts together by hand to mesh the splines before applying pressure.

If parts which are fitted together with tapered splines are not tight, inspect the tapered splines and discard if worn.

Bolts And Bolt Torque

A bolt which is too long may "bottom" before the head is tight against the part it is to hold. The threads can be damaged when a "long" bolt is removed.

If a bolt is too short, there may not be enough threads engaged to hold the part securely.

Apply proper torque values to all bolts and nuts when assembling Caterpillar equipment. When a specific torque value is required, the value is listed in the SPECIFICATIONS section of the Service Manual. Tighten all other bolts and nuts for general usage, hydraulic valve bodies, or taperlock studs to the torque values given in the torque charts.

T-T-T Procedure

A torque-turn-tighten (T-T-T) procedure is used in many specifications and instructions.

1. Clean the bolt and nut threads.

2. Put lubricant on the threads and the seat face of the bolt and the nut.

3. Turn the bolt or the nut tight according to the torque specification.

4. Put a location mark on the part and on the bolt or the nut.

5. Turn the bolt or the nut tighter the amount of degrees according to the specifications.

NOTE: The side of a nut or bolt head can be used for reference if a mark can not be put on.

Torque Wrench Extension

When a torque wrench extension is used with a torque wrench, the torque indication on the torque wrench will be less than the real torque.


TORQUE WRENCH WITH TORQUE WRENCH EXTENSION.
E: Torque wrench drive axis-to-torque wrench extension drive axis. W: Mark on handle-to-torque wrench drive axis.

1. Put a mark on the handle. Measure the handle from the mark to the axis of the torque wrench drive (W).

2. Measure the torque wrench extension from the torque wrench drive to the axis of the torque wrench extension drive (E).

3. To get correct torque indication (TI) when the real torque (RT) is known:

Example: W = 304.8 mm (12 in.); E = 65.0 mm (2.56 in.); RT (from specifications) = 170 N·m (125 lb. ft.).

4. Hold the torque wrench handle with the longest finger of the hand over the mark on the handle to get the real torque (RT) with low torque indication (TI) on the torque wrench.

Locks

Flat metal locks must be installed properly to be effective. Bend one end of the lock around the edge of the part. Bend the other end against one flat surface of the nut or bolt head.

Always install new locks in compartments which house moving parts.

If lockwashers are installed on housings made of aluminum, use a flat washer between the lockwasher and the housing.

Lines And Wires

When removing or disconnecting a group of lines or wires, tag each one to assure proper assembly.

Lubrication

Where applicable, fill the compartments of the components serviced with the amount, type and grade of lubricant recommended in the Lubrication and Maintenance Guide.

Rust Preventive Compound

Clean the rust preventive compound from all machined surfaces of new parts before installing them.

Shims

When shims are removed, tie them together and identify them as to location. Keep shims clean and flat until they are reinstalled.

Bearings

Anti-Friction Bearings

When an anti-friction bearing is removed, cover it to keep out dirt and abrasives. Wash bearings in nonflammable cleaning solution and allow them to drain dry. The bearing may be dried with compressed air, but DO NOT SPIN THE BEARING.

Discard the bearings if the races and balls or rollers are pitted, scored or burned. If the bearing is serviceable, coat it with oil and wrap it in clean paper. Do not unwrap new bearings until time of installation.

The life of an anti-friction bearing will be shortened if not properly lubricated.

Double Row, Tapered Roller

Double row, tapered roller bearings are precision fit during manufacture and the components are not interchangeable. The cups, cones and spacers are usually etched with the same serial number and letter designator. If no letter designators are found, wire the components together to assure correct installation. Reusable bearing components should be installed in their original positions.

Heating Bearings

Bearings which require expansion for installation should be heated in oil not to exceed 121°C. (250° F.). When more than one part is heated to aid in assembly, they must be allowed to cool and then pressed together again. Parts often separate as they cool and shrink.

Installation

Lubricate new or used bearings before installation. Bearings that are to be preloaded must have a film of oil over the entire assembly to obtain accurate preloading. When installing a bearing, spacer or washer against a shoulder on a shaft, be sure the chamfered side is toward the shoulder.

When pressing bearings into a retainer or bore, apply pressure to the outer race. If the bearing is pressed on the shaft, apply pressure on the inner race.

Preload

Preload is an initial force placed on the bearing at the time of assembly.

Determine preload or end clearance from the SPECIFICATIONS. Care should be exercised in applying preload. Misapplication of preload to bearings requiring end clearance can result in bearing failure.

Sleeve Bearings

DO NOT INSTALL SLEEVE BEARINGS WITH A HAMMER. Use a press, if possible, and apply the pressure directly in line with the bore. If it is necessary to drive on a bearing, use a driver or a bar with a smooth flat end. If a sleeve bearing has an oil hole, align it with the oil hole in the mating part.

Gaskets

Be sure the holes in the gaskets correspond with the lubricant passages in the mating parts. If it is necessary to make gaskets, select stock of the proper type and thickness. Be sure to cut holes properly. Blank gaskets can cause serious damage.

Batteries

Clean batteries by scrubbing with a solution of baking soda and water. Rinse with clear water. After cleaning, dry thoroughly and coat terminals and connections with anti-corrosion compound or grease.

If an engine is not to be used for a long period of time, remove the batteries. Store them in a cool, dry place. A small charge should be introduced periodically to keep the specific gravity rating at recommended level.

Seals (Lip-Type)

Generally the toe or spring-loaded lip of an oil seal faces the oil being sealed or the oil having the higher pressure. The toe or lip of a grease seal faces away from the lubricant being sealed. Unless otherwise specified, use the preceding rules for installing lip-type seals.

The main parts of a lip-type seal are the case, sealing element, and garter spring. The picture illustrates the construction of a simple lip-type seal. The cross sections show the terms "heel" and "toe" used to identify the sides of various types of seals.

Lubricate the lips of lip-type seals before installation. Use the same type lubricant in which the seal will be operating. Do not use grease on any seal except a grease seal.

If, during installation, the seal lip must pass over a shaft that has splines, a keyway, rough surface or a sharp edge, the lip can be easily damaged. Shim stock or other such material can be formed around the area to provide a smooth surface over which to slide the seal.

Seals (Hydrodynamic)

The hydrodynamic seal is different from the former lip-type seal. The difference is the hydrodynamic grooves in the sealing lip of this seal. These grooves move lubrication oil back into the engine crankcase as the crankshaft turns. Because of this seal lip design, the front seal for an engine is different from the rear seal. The installed position of the seal lip is important because the seal grooves are sensitive to the direction of crankshaft rotation. Each seal is marked with an arrow to show the direction of engine rotation. If the seal is not installed correctly, oil in the crankcase will actually be removed. Special handling and installation procedures are given in Special Instructions, Form No. SMHS8508.

Conversion Chart (inches to mm)

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