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| Illustration 1 | g06240261 |
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Typical example (1) Exhaust inlet (2) Diesel Exhaust Fluid (DEF) injector (3) Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF) and Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) canister (4) Exhaust out (5) Nitrogen Oxide (NOx) sensor (6) Diesel Oxidation Catalyst (DOC) (7) Diesel Exhaust Fluid (DEF) supply line (8) Coolant return to engine line (9) Diesel Exhaust Fluid (DEF) pump (10) Coolant supply from engine line (11) Coolant diverter valve (12) Diesel Exhaust Fluid (DEF) tank (13) Coolant supply connector (14) Suction connector (15) Backflow connector (16) Coolant return connector (17) DEF suction line (18) DEF backflow line | |
The purpose of Diesel Exhaust Fluid (DEF) is to create a Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) process to take place in the exhaust system to reduce Nitrogen Oxides (NOx).
When the engine is keyed on but not running, DEF is not being injected into the system. When the engine is running, the DEF may be too cold or frozen to be injected. When the ambient or tank temperatures are cold enough, the engine ECM opens the coolant diverter valve to allow engine coolant to flow through the DEF tank to warm the system. The ECM also activates the heater circuits in the lines and pump to prevent DEF from freezing in the lines and pump. The time it takes to thaw the system depends on the tank temperature. Since the system always starts with empty lines, the pump activates to fill the lines with fluid before DEF injection begins.
This is called DEF Priming mode. Once the system is primed, the DEF will be injected when the DEF tank and SCR temperatures are warm enough. If the system does not heat up after duration of time, a diagnostic code will become active.
Note: Typical usage for DEF is 1-3% of diesel fluid.
The DEF system has three operation modes:
1. DEF Priming Mode
Since the system always starts with empty lines, the pump activates to fill the lines with fluid before DEF injection begins. Priming will start when engine speed is greater than 450 rpm, DEF tank temp is greater than
2. DEF Injection Mode
Once the system is primed, the DEF will be injected when SCR inlet temperature is greater than
3. DEF Purge Mode
When a DEF-related fault code becomes active or the engine is keyed OFF, the DCU enters purge mode. The system is designed to purge all DEF back to the DEF tank to prevent it from freezing in the pump and lines. The DEF injector opens and the DEF Reverting valve in the DEF pump reverses the flow of the DEF inside the pump. This removes the DEF from the pressure line and pumps it back to tank through the suction line. The purge takes approximately 2 minutes to remove DEF from the lines and pump. It is important NOT to turn off the battery disconnect switch during the purge process. If the purge process does not complete and the temperature of the DEF drops below
NOx Monitoring
There are two NOx sensors supplied with the engine. One NOx sensor is installed in the exhaust inlet from the turbocharger (engine out). The other NOx sensor is installed in the exhaust pipe of the application (CEM out).
The amount of DEF needed is based on NOx production. The engine produces NOx as the engine operates at a specific target to meet emission requirements. The engine out NOx sensor measures the amount and communicates that value to the ECM. The tailpipe out NOx sensor monitors the NOx level out of the catalyst and communicates that value to the ECM. Based on the engine out and the tail pipe out NOx sensor values, the flow rate of DEF will adjust to meet the NOx allowed per regulations.
NOx Sensors
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| Illustration 2 | g03364155 |
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(21) Electrical connector
(22) Sensor electronic control unit (23) Cable (black for engine out, gray for CEM out) (24) Sensing unit | |
The NOx sensor contains a sensing element, a harness, and an electronic control unit. The sensing element is composed of two chambers and a heater. The first chamber measures the amount of oxygen and the second chamber measure the amount of NOx and Ammonia (NH3). Using electrochemistry, a ceramic material attracts ions at approximately
Note: For information on handling the NOx sensors, refer to Special Instruction, REHS8151.
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| Illustration 3 | g06240619 |
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(1) DEF fill port
(2) Coolant Return port (3) DEF pump (4) Coolant diverter valve (5) DEF tank | |
The Pump Electronics Tank Unit (PETU) consists of the following components:
Coolant Diverter Valve
Controls coolant flow to the tank and DEF pump
Coolant Return
The coolant will return to the engine water pump inlet through this port.
Heated Lines
The heated lines are electrically heated lines that will turn on any time ambients temperature and DEF tank temperature are cold. These lines will thaw frozen DEF after starting in cold ambient temperatures. The heated lines will also stay heated during operation to prevent any freezing during operation.
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| Illustration 4 | g06240667 |
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(1) 100 micron screen
(2) Inlet (3) Coolant inlet (4) Coolant outlet (5) Backflow (6) Outlet (7) DEF filter | |
The pump supplies filtered DEF fluid to the DEF injector. The pump consists of an inlet port (2) which is the suction side of the pump that draws DEF from the DEF tank. The pump then pressurizes the fluid up to
Once the engine is shut down, the pump will start to go into a purge mode. The DEF Injector will open and the reverting valve within the pump will reverse the flow of the pump and purge the pump and pressure line. This reversed flow will route any remaining DEF fluid back to the tank through the inlet port.
The DEF inlet connector has a 100 micron screen (1) to filter any debris that may come in from the DEF tank. The back flow connector (5) has a 130 micron screen to filter any debris before going back to tank. The connectors are serviceable.
The main DEF filter (7) filters the DEF coming into the pump before going out the back flow and outlet lines. The DEF filter is serviceable and has a 5000-hour maintenance interval. Refer to Operation and Maintenance Manual for the correct procedure to replace the DEF filter.
Engine coolant is routed through the pump during cold-weather operation.
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| Illustration 5 | g06240703 |
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(1) DEF back flow tube
(2) Coolant tubes (3) DEF level sensor (float) (4) DEF pickup tube (5) DEF quality sensor (6) DEF tank header filter (100 micron) (7) DEF tank temperature sensor (integrated with DEF level sensor, not shown) (8) DEF tank header filter (32 micron) | |
The DEF tank header is located in the DEF tank. The tank header consists of several parts and performs the following functions:
DEF Level Sensor
There is a tank level sensor to measure the amount of usable DEF in the tank. The level sensor includes a flotation device that contains a magnet. As the fluid level changes, the float slides along a shaft that a series of reed switches and resistors. There are multiple reed switches for different heights of the tank. The magnetic float closes the passive reed switch and completes the circuit of resistors giving a different resistance output. The ECM then interprets the resistance to a tank level and changes the DEF gauge. The tank level sensor will send a signal to the ECM to signal that the level of DEF is low. The engine may derate and a fault code will become active if the level of DEF is below a critical level.
DEF Pickup Tube
The DEF is pulled from the bottom of the tank through a screen.
DEF Tank Header Screen
At the end of the DEF Pickup tube is a 100 micron screen to filter debris from entering the system. The screen is a serviceable part and has a 10,000 hour service maintenance interval.
DEF Tank Header Filter
A 32 micron filter wraps around the coolant tubes to filter debris from entering the pickup and backflow circuits. The DEF manifold filter is serviceable and has a 10,000 hour service maintenance interval.
Coolant Tubes
The coolant supplied by the engine will flow through the tubes when the coolant diverter valve opens. Coolant runs along the pickup tube to the bottom of the tank and then spirals around the level sensor. The heat from the coolant will thaw any frozen DEF in the tank or header. The heat will also prevent the DEF from freezing around the pickup tube.
DEF Backflow
The pump has a backflow circuit to return DEF back to the tank. The backflow tube returns the DEF to the top of the tank.
DEF Tank Temperature Sensor
At the bottom of the tank header near the DEF tank header screen is a tank temperature sensor. This sensor monitors the temperature of the DEF in the tank. This temperature is used to determine when to turn on the coolant diverter valve.
DEF Quality Sensor
At the bottom of the tank header next to the DEF tank header filter is the DEF quality sensor. The DEF quality sensor uses an optical Near Infra-Red (NIR) technology that takes measurements of urea concentration by measuring the chemical properties of the DEF solution. Based on these chemical properties and fluid temperature, the sensor is able to detect urea concentration with up to 2 percent accuracy. If the sensor detects the quality of DEF is not within specifications, a fault code will trip indicating the DEF concentration is not correct. The engine may derate.
Later engines have a DEF quality sensor installed. There is a configuration parameter in the electronic service tool called "Aftertreatment #1 DEF Quality Sensor Installation Status" that must be programmed to "Installed". The parameter is factory password protected. The DEF tank header with the DEF quality sensor is a data link type sensor. The temperature sensor and level sensor are also data link type sensors on DEF tank headers with the quality sensor.
On earlier engines, the DEF tank header does not have a DEF quality sensor installed. The DEF tank header only contains a temperature sensor and level sensor which are analog type sensors. The configuration parameter in the electronic service tool called "Aftertreatment #1 DEF Quality Sensor Installation Status" must be programmed to "Not installed".
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| Illustration 6 | g06240733 |
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(1) Coolant return port
(2) DEF Supply line (3) Electrical Connector (4) Coolant supply port | |
The DEF injector is mounted to the Clean Emissions Module (CEM). The DEF injector is a valve that injects DEF as a fine spray into the exhaust stream as an atomized mist after the Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF). The spray pattern being conical for good mixing with the exhaust is critical.
The tip of the injector, that is located in the exhaust flow, is cooled by coolant that flows through an internal coolant passage from the engine coolant supply. The injector can become damaged when exposed to high temperatures so it is important to keep the injector cooled. The coolant flow and the DEF injection process, provides the cooling capability needed to protect the injector.
High temperatures at engine shutdown can exceed the hardware limit of the DEF injector and damage the injector tip. To protect the injector from high temperature at engine shutdown, the "Delayed Engine Shutdown" (DES) strategy will run for a time after the engine start switch key is turned to the OFF position. This strategy allows the engine to continue running to prevent high exhaust temperatures from damaging the DEF injector at engine shutdown. Once the exhaust temperatures are below a threshold, the injector is cooled and the engine will shut down.
Some applications may use an Injector Coolant Tank (ICT) instead of DES to protect the DEF injector. ICT provides a reservoir of coolant above the injector which keeps the injector cooled so that high exhaust temperatures at engine shutdown will not damage injector. Coolant boils at the injector and vapor travels up into ICT while liquid coolant from ICT backfills coolant lost to boiling. Energy lost to boiling helps to maintain injector temperatures below hardware limits.
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| Illustration 7 | g06258388 |
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(1) Coolant Diverter Valve
(2) Coolant tubes | |
Since DEF freezes at
Note: If DEF has not been removed from the lines and pump during cold-weather operation, the DEF will expand as the fluid freezes and damage the lines and pump. The purge process will take 2 minutes of run time and must complete. The purge process may occur during Delayed Engine Shutdown. It is important not to turn off the battery disconnect switch during the purge process. Do not turn off the battery power disconnect switch until battery disconnect switch indicator lamp has turned off. If the purge process does not complete, a diagnostic code will become active.
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| Illustration 8 | g06258392 |
| (1) Flow direction indicator | |
The coolant diverter valve is a normally closed valve. The valve is a unidirectional flow valve. The system is used for warming the DEF tank before dosing will occur. Warming the system is achieved by taking warm coolant from the engine and routing the coolant through the tank and DEF pump. The coolant diverter valve will open when the tank temperature needs to be increased. Once the DEF tank temp is warm enough, the system will start dosing.
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| Illustration 9 | g03037439 |
Even though the system has been purged of DEF there are small quantities of DEF that can be left behind. The DEF supply line, suction, and the back flow line are heated to thaw any remaining DEF in the lines. The heated lines will prevent restrictions in the pump and injector once the system begins to dose.
- Thermoplastic core tube with fabric reinforcement
- Stainless steel heating wire
- Extruded thermoplastic jacket
- Heat/abrasion shield
Inducement is defined as something that helps bring about an action or a desired result. The purpose of inducements is to prompt the operator to repair or perform maintenance on the emissions control system.
Inducement strategies are control actions required by EPA/ARB Tier 4 final and European Union (EU) Stage V regulations to ensure prompt correction of various failures in the engine NOx emissions control system. They require actions to limit engine performance and define required indications such as visual alarms including lamps and messages, as well as audible alarms, while the control actions are imposed. The times for lights, derates, and alarms will vary between EPA and EU.
The inducements are initiated by the engine ECM. Inducements include derates and forced idle down or shutdown. When the engine derates, the rpm and torque are reduced. Using Cat® Electronic Technician (ET), the customer can choose either idle or shutdown for a Level 3 inducement. The engine default is shutdown.
Note: Visual and audible warnings on industrial applications may vary from what is shown under the Lamp Strategy table. Industrial applications will not have audible alarms.
Programmable parameters to select different Inducements options
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| Illustration 10 | g06191903 |
- Operator Inducement Regulation Configuration
- Operator Inducement Progress Configuration
- Operator Final Inducement Action
Operator Inducement Progress Configuration
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| Illustration 11 | g06191908 |
“Reduced Performance” configuration allows operation of the engine for a longer period, but the engine will progressively derate the longer the engine is operated.
“Reduced Time” configuration allows operation of the engine with full power, but for a reduced amount of time.
Operator Inducement Regulation Configuration
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| Illustration 12 | g06191910 |
This programmable parameter will define the emissions regulation that the engine will follow in the event an inducement becomes active. The location of the engine must be considered before selecting this parameter. The "Worldwide" configuration may be used in any region of the world and will be emissions-compliant. The "European Union" may only be selected if the engine will operate in Europe. Once the "European Union" configuration is selected, the unit cannot go back to "Worldwide". If used outside of this region the engine will not be emissions-compliant. Only a select number of industrial engines will be allowed to select "European Union" configuration. All machine engines will be configured for "Worldwide".
Operator Final Level Inducement Action
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| Illustration 13 | g06191914 |
This configuration determines what will happen when the third level of inducement occurs. In "Idle Down" configuration, once the engine enters the third level of inducement, the engine will experience a 100 percent derate, and the engine speed will be limited to 1000 rpm.
In "Shutdown" configuration, once the engine enters the third level of inducement, the engine will shut down. The operator may restart the engine. The engine will run for 5 minutes at 100% derate and then shut down. This event will occur until the issue is resolved.
Note: If low idle is set higher than 1000 rpm, then only "Shutdown" configuration can be selected.
Safe Harbor Mode (Worldwide) is a 20 minute engine run time period that the engine can be operated with full power after reaching a level 3 inducement. Once in level 3 inducement, the operator can perform a key cycle and the engine will enter Safe Harbor Mode. The safe harbor mode can be used to move the machine to a location where the machine can be serviced. If 20 minutes of engine running time has passed and the fault has not been corrected, the engine will reach final inducement with derates until the fault has been fixed. Safe Harbor Mode can only be implemented once. Safe Harbor Mode is not allowed for DEF level inducements with Worldwide configuration.
Safe Harbor Mode (European Union)
Safe Harbor Mode (European Union) is a 30 minute engine run time period that the engine can be operated with full power after reaching a level 3 inducement. Once in level 3 inducement, the operator can perform a key cycle and the engine will enter Safe Harbor Mode. The safe harbor mode can be used to move the machine to a location where the machine can be serviced. If 30 minutes of engine running time has passed and the fault has not been corrected, the engine will reach final inducement with derates until the fault has been fixed. Safe Harbor Mode can only be implemented up to three times.
Operator Inducement Service Mode
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| Illustration 14 | g03365844 |
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| Illustration 15 | g06191463 |
Operator Inducement Service Mode allows a technician to service inducement-related faults on a machine while having full engine operation and no derate effects. This mode is initiated through a connection with Cat ET. This mode requires a factory password to activate. Operator Inducement Service Mode can be entered as many times as necessary and does not have a time limit. However, if Cat ET loses connection, the Override will automatically turn off. The Cat ET "Operator Inducement Service Mode" is located in the "Diagnostic Tests", "System Troubleshooting Section" of the engine ECM.
The Inducements are separated into categories. DEF Level has its own inducement fault codes and is separate from the other inducement categories. While DEF level inducements are based on the DEF level, the other inducement categories are based on escalating time. The escalating time inducements will always have an associated fault code along with the inducement fault code. The associated fault is the root cause. The escalating time inducement fault code is just an indicator of what level of inducement the engine is in and how much time remains until the next level of inducement. The "Emissions Malfunction Indicator Lamp" will illuminate if any inducement fault code, including DEF level, becomes active. The system reaction is varied based on the category of the fault code and what inducement parameters are selected.
Note: The associated codes for each of the escalating time categories can be found in the Troubleshooting Guide under SCR Warning System Problem.
Service Tests Which Override Inducements
There are several service tests which will be allowed to run while inducements are active. Service tests provide diagnose and fix the issue that led to inducement without the use of factory passwords. While these tests can always be run on machines, not all industrial applications will be able to run service tests while inducements are active. In those cases, the Operator Inducement Service Mode with factory passwords will need to be used.
Service Test that Override Inducements:
- Aftertreatment System Functional Test
- Aftertreatment NOx Sensor Functional Test
- DEF Coolant Diverter Valve Test
Inducement Strategy for DEF Level (Worldwide)
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| Illustration 16 | g06149319 |
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(55) DEF Level Gauge: This gauge shows the amount of DEF in the DEF tank.
(56) DEF Level Gauge Amber lamp: This amber lamp indicates that the DEF level is low. (57) Check Engine Lamp (CEL): This lamp activates for all engine and aftertreatment faults that affect the engine. (58) Emissions Malfunction Indicator Lamp (EMIL): This lamp activates for all emissions faults that trigger inducement strategy. (59) Action Lamp: For machine engines only, this lamp indicates a Level 2 or Level 3 fault is active. (60) Red Stop Lamp: For industrial engines only, this lamp indicates that a Level 3 fault is active. Symbol may vary. (61) Audible Alarm: For Machines, the alarm sounds when a Level 3 fault is active. | |
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| Illustration 17 | g03523436 |
If the DEF level falls below 20%, the DEF level gauge amber lamp will illuminate. To avoid inducements, turn the key to the OFF position and add DEF to the DEF tank.
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| Illustration 18 | g03523619 |
If the DEF level falls below 13.5%, the engine will be in level 1 inducement. A 1761-17 or E954 (1) Aftertreatment #1 Diesel Exhaust Fluid Tank Level : Low - least severe (1) diagnostic code will become active. The check engine lamp (CEL) and emissions malfunction indicator lamp (EMIL) will illuminate solid. The DEF level gauge amber lamp will continue to illuminate.
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| Illustration 19 | g03523621 |
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The action lamp will not illuminate for industrial applications. | |
If the DEF level is below 7.5%, the engine will be in level 2 inducement. A 1761-18 or E954 (2) Aftertreatment #1 Diesel Exhaust Fluid Tank Level : Low - moderate severity (2) diagnostic code will become active. The DEF level gauge amber lamp, CEL, and EMIL will remain lit. For machines, the CEL and EMIL will remain solid. For industrial applications, the CEL and EMIL will begin to flash slowly. For machines only, the action lamp will illuminate and flash. If the ECM is configured to "Reduced Performance" and the DEF level has reached 1%, the machine will have a 50% derate.
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| Illustration 20 | g03523622 |
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Industrial applications, will use the STOP lamp and not an action lamp. There is no audible alarm for industrial application. | |
If the ECM is configured to "Reduced Performance" and the DEF tank has been emptied of all DEF, the engine will be in a level 3 final inducement. If the ECM is configured to "Reduced Time" and the DEF level is 3%, the engine will be in a level 3 final inducement. When in level 3 inducement, a 1761 -1 or E954 (3) Aftertreatment #1 Diesel Exhaust Fluid Tank Level : Low - most severe (3) diagnostic code will become active. For machines only, an audible alarm will begin to sound 20 seconds prior to the level 3 inducement. The DEF level gauge amber lamp, CEL, and EMIL will remain lit. For machines, the CEL and EMIL will remain solid and the action lamp will continue to flash. For industrial applications, the CEL and EMIL will flash at a faster rate and a red stop lamp will illuminate solid. The engine will have a 100% derate and be limited to 1000 rpm or low idle, whichever is greater. If the final inducement action in Cat ET is set to ,"Idle Down" then engine will continue to idle at derated condition. If set to "Shutdown", engine will shut down after 5 minutes. The engine may be restarted, but will only run for 5 minutes at derated condition before shutting down again. This action will continue until the issue is resolved.
Note: Turn the key to the OFF position and add DEF to the DEF tank to reset the DEF level inducement.
Inducement Strategy for Escalating Time Inducements (Worldwide)
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| Illustration 21 | g03523624 |
Reduced Performance
The CEL and EMIL will illuminate solid for a level 1 inducement-related fault. When in level 1 inducement, a 5246 -15 or E1389 (1) Aftertreatment SCR Operator Inducement Severity (1) diagnostic code will become active. There are three inducement categories.
If the inducement is a result of a category 1 fault, then a level 1 inducement will occur for a duration of 2.5 hours for first occurrence. For repeat occurrence, a category 1 level 1 inducement fault will occur for a duration of 5 minutes.
If the inducement is a result of a category 2 fault, then a level 1 inducement will occur for a duration of 10 hours. There is no repeat occurrence for category 2, level 1 inducement faults.
If the inducement is a result of a category 3 fault, then a level 1 inducement will occur for a duration of 36 hours. There is no repeat occurrence for category 3, level 1 inducement faults.
Reduced Time
The CEL and EMIL will illuminate solid for a level 1 inducement-related fault. When in level 1 inducement, a 5246 -15 or E1389 (1) Aftertreatment SCR Operator Inducement Severity (1) diagnostic code will become active. There are three inducement categories.
If the inducement is a result of a category 1 fault, then a level 1 inducement will occur for a duration of 2.5 hours for first occurrence. For repeat occurrence, a category 1 level 1 inducement fault will occur for a duration of 5 minutes.
If the inducement is a result of a category 2 fault, then a level 1 inducement will occur for a duration of 5 hours. There is no repeat occurrence for category 2, level 1 inducement faults.
If the inducement is a result of a category 3 fault, then a level 1 inducement will occur for a duration of 18 hours. There is no repeat occurrence for category 3, level 1 inducement faults.
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| Illustration 22 | g03523637 |
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The action lamp will not illuminate for industrial applications. | |
Reduced Performance
If a fault condition exists for the entire duration of inducement level 1, the strategy advances to inducement level 2. When in level 2 inducement a 5246 -16 or E1389 (2) Aftertreatment SCR Operator Inducement Severity (2) diagnostic code will become active. The CEL and EMIL will remain lit. For machines, the CEL and EMIL will remain solid. For industrial applications, the CEL and EMIL will begin to flash slowly. For machines only, the action lamp will illuminate and flash. The engine will have a 50% derate.
If the inducement is a result of a category 1 fault, then a level 2 inducement will occur for a duration of 70 minutes for first occurrence. For repeat occurrence, a category 1 level 2 inducement fault will occur for a duration of 5 minutes.
If the inducement is a result of a category 2 fault, then a level 2 inducement will occur for a duration of 10 hours. For repeat occurrence, a category 2 level 2 inducement fault will occur for a duration of 2 hours.
If the inducement is a result of a category 3 fault, then a level 2 inducement will occur for a duration of 64 hours. For repeat occurrence, a category 3 level 2 inducement fault will occur for a duration of 5 hours.
Reduced Time
If a fault condition exists for the entire duration of inducement level 1, the strategy advances to inducement level 2. When in level 2 inducement a 5246 -16 or E1389 (2) Aftertreatment SCR Operator Inducement Severity (2) diagnostic code will become active. The CEL and EMIL will remain lit. For machines, the CEL and EMIL will remain solid. For industrial applications, the CEL and EMIL will begin to flash slowly. For machines only, the action lamp will illuminate and flash.
If the inducement is a result of a category 1 fault, then a level 2 inducement will occur for a duration of 70 minutes for first occurrence. For repeat occurrence, a category 1 level 2 inducement fault will occur for a duration of 5 minutes.
If the inducement is a result of a category 2 fault, then a level 2 inducement will occur for a duration of 5 hours. For repeat occurrence, a category 2 level 2 inducement fault will occur for a duration of 1 hour.
If the inducement is a result of a category 3 fault, then a level 2 inducement will occur for a duration of 18 hours. For repeat occurrence, a category 3 level 2 inducement fault will occur for a duration of 108 minutes.
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| Illustration 23 | g03523639 |
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Industrial applications, will use the STOP lamp and not an action lamp. There is no audible alarm for industrial application. | |
If a fault condition exists for the entire duration of inducement level 2, the strategy advances to inducement level 3. When in level 3 inducement a 5246 -0 or E1389 (3) Aftertreatment SCR Operator Inducement Severity (3) diagnostic code will become active. For machines only, an audible alarm will begin to sound 20 seconds prior to the level 3 inducement. For machines, the CEL and EMIL will remain solid and the action lamp will continue to flash. For industrial applications the CEL and EMIL will flash at a faster rate and a red stop lamp will illuminate solid.
The engine will have a 100% derate and be limited to 1000 rpm or low idle, whichever is greater. If the final inducement action in Cat ET is set to ,"Idle Down" then engine will continue to idle at derated condition. If set to "Shutdown", engine will shut down after 5 minutes. A key cycle will allow safe harbor mode to kick in. Safe harbor is only allowed once. After safe harbor, the engine will be in level 3 final inducement. If set to "Shutdown", the engine may be restarted, but will only run for 5 minutes at derated condition before shutting down again. This action will continue until the issue is resolved.
Note: Contact your Cat dealer for repairs if a fault occurs.
Inducement Strategy for DEF Level (European Union)
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| Illustration 24 | g06149319 |
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(55) DEF Level Gauge: This gauge shows the amount of DEF in the DEF tank.
(56) DEF Level Gauge Amber lamp: This amber lamp indicates that the DEF level is low. (57) Check Engine Lamp (CEL): This lamp activates for all engine and aftertreatment faults that affect the engine. (58) Emissions Malfunction Indicator Lamp (EMIL): This lamp activates for all emissions faults that trigger inducement strategy. (59) Action Lamp: For machine engines only, this lamp indicates a Level 2 or Level 3 fault is active. (60) Red Stop Lamp: For industrial engines only, this lamp indicates that a Level 3 fault is active. Symbol may vary. (61) Audible Alarm: For Machines, the alarm sounds when a Level 3 fault is active. | |
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| Illustration 25 | g03523436 |
If the DEF level falls below 20%, the DEF level gauge amber lamp will illuminate. To avoid inducements, turn the key to the OFF position and add DEF to the DEF tank.
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| Illustration 26 | g03523619 |
If the DEF level falls below 13.5%, the engine will be in level 1 inducement. A 1761-17 or E954 (1) Aftertreatment #1 Diesel Exhaust Fluid Tank Level : Low - least severe (1) diagnostic code will become active. The CEL and EMIL will illuminate solid. The DEF level gauge amber lamp will remain lit.
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| Illustration 27 | g03534876 |
When the ECM is configured to "Reduced Performance" and the DEF level is below 1%, the engine will be in level 2 inducement. A 1761-18 or E954 (2) Aftertreatment #1 Diesel Exhaust Fluid Tank Level : Low - moderate severity (2) diagnostic code will become active. The CEL and EMIL will illuminate and flash slowly. The DEF level gauge amber lamp will remain lit. The engine will have a 50% derate. When the DEF tank has been emptied of all DEF, the engine will have a 100% derate and be limited to 1000 rpm or low idle, whichever is greater. No further inducement action will occur for "Reduced Performance" configuration. Safe Harbor Mode is allowed for 3 key cycles.
When ECM is configured to "Reduced Time" and the DEF level is below 7.5%, a 1761-18 or E954 (2) Aftertreatment #1 Diesel Exhaust Fluid Tank Level: Low - moderate severity (2) diagnostic code will become active. The CEL and EMIL will illuminate and flash slowly. The DEF level gauge amber lamp will remain lit.
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| Illustration 28 | g03523637 |
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Industrial applications will use the STOP lamp and not an action lamp | |
If the ECM is configured to "Reduced Time" and the DEF level is 0%, a 1761 -1 or E954 (3) Aftertreatment #1 Diesel Exhaust Fluid Tank Level : Low - most severe (3) diagnostic code will become active. The CEL and EMIL will illuminate and flash at a fast rate. An action lamp or red stop lamp will illuminate solid. The DEF level gauge amber lamp will remain lit. The engine will have a 100% derate and be limited to 1000 rpm or low idle, whichever is greater. If the final inducement action in Cat ET is set to ,"Idle Down" then engine will continue to idle at derated condition. If set to "Shutdown", engine will shut down after 5 minutes. Safe Harbor Mode is allowed for 3 key cycles. After Safe Harbor Mode is completed, the engine will return to idle or shut down. If in shutdown configuration, the engine may be restarted, but will only run for 5 minutes at derated condition before shutting down again. This action will continue until the issue is resolved.
Note: Turn the key to the OFF position and add DEF to the DEF tank to reset the DEF level inducement.
Inducement Strategy for Escalating Time Inducements (European Union)
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| Illustration 29 | g03523624 |
The CEL and EMIL will illuminate solid for a fault a level 1 inducement-related fault. When in level 1 inducement, a 5246 - 15 or E1389 (1) Aftertreatment SCR Operator Inducement Severity (1) diagnostic code will become active. There are two inducement categories.
If the inducement is a result of a category 1 fault, then a level 1 inducement will occur for a duration of 36 hours.
If the inducement is a result of a category 2 fault, then a level 1 inducement will occur for a duration of 10 hours.
The CEL and EMIL will illuminate solid for a fault a level 1 inducement-related fault. When in level 1 inducement, a 5246 - 15 or E1389 (1) Aftertreatment SCR Operator Inducement Severity (1) diagnostic code will become active. There are two inducement categories.
If the inducement is a result of a category 1 fault, then a level 1 inducement will occur for a duration of 18 hours.
If the inducement is a result of a category 2 fault, then a level 1 inducement will occur for a duration of 5 hours.
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| Illustration 30 | g03523624 |
If a fault condition exists for the entire duration of inducement level 1, the strategy advances to inducement level 2. When in level 2 inducement a 5246 -16 or E1389 (2) Aftertreatment SCR Operator Inducement Severity (2) diagnostic code will become active. The CEL and EMIL will flash slowly. If the inducement is a result of a category 1 fault, then a level 2 inducement will occur for a duration of 64 hours for first occurrence. For repeat occurrence, a category 1 level 2 inducement fault will occur for a duration of 5 hours.
If the inducement is a result of a category 2 fault, then a level 2 inducement will occur for a duration of 10 hours. For repeat occurrence, a category 2 level 2 inducement fault will occur for a duration of 2 hours.
The engine will have a 50% derate. If the fault is not corrected before the inducement duration ends, the engine will become 100% derated and be limited to 1000 rpm or low idle, whichever is greater. No further inducements will occur for "Reduced Performance" configuration. Safe Harbor Mode is allowed for 3 key cycles.
If a fault condition exists for the entire duration of inducement level 1, the strategy advances to inducement level 2. When in level 2 inducement a 5246 -16 or E1389 (2) Aftertreatment SCR Operator Inducement Severity (2) diagnostic code will become active. The CEL and EMIL will flash slowly. If the inducement is a result of a category 1 fault, then a level 2 inducement will occur for a duration of 18 hours for first occurrence. For repeat occurrence, a category 1 level 2 inducement fault will occur for a duration of 108 minutes.
If the inducement is a result of a category 2 fault, then a level 2 inducement will occur for a duration of 5 hours. For repeat occurrence, a category 2 level 2 inducement fault will occur for a duration of 1 hour.
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| Illustration 31 | g03523637 |
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Industrial applications will use the STOP lamp and not an action lamp | |
If configured to "Reduced Time" and a fault condition exists for the entire duration of inducement level 2, the strategy advances to inducement level 3. When in level 3 inducement a 5246 -0 or E1389 (3) Aftertreatment SCR Operator Inducement Severity (3) diagnostic code will become active. The CEL and EMIL will flash at a fast rate. An action lamp or red stop lamp will also illuminate solid.
The engine will have a 100% derate and be limited to 1000 rpm or low idle, whichever is greater. If the final inducement action in Cat ET is set to ,"Idle Down" then engine will continue to idle at derated condition. If set to "Shutdown", engine will shut down after 5 minutes. A key cycle will allow safe harbor mode to kick in. Safe harbor is allowed up to three times. After safe harbor, the engine will be in level 3 final inducement. If set to "Shutdown", the engine may be restarted, but will only run for 5 minutes at derated condition before shutting down again. This action will continue until the issue is resolved.
Note: Contact your Cat dealer for repairs if a fault occurs.