316F Excavator Machine Systems Caterpillar


Electronic Control (Machine System)

Usage:

316F L ECZ

Electronic Control Module (ECM)



Illustration 1g02612416
Machine ECM
(1) Controller
(2) J2 Connector
(3) J1 Connector


Illustration 2g06195503
Connectors of Machine ECM
(2) J2 Connector
(3) J1 Connector

The output from the Machine ECM is based on input information from the sensors. The output commands are based on the software programmed into the control module. After the Machine ECM receives the input information, the ECM sends a corresponding response to the outputs. The inputs and outputs of the ECM are connected to the machine harness by two 54-pin connectors (J1 and J2). The inputs and outputs to the ECM can be viewed through the Caterpillar Electronic Technician (Cat ET). Input and output information can also be viewed using the Operator Monitor.

The ECM also communicates with sensors and other control modules via the CAN Data Link. The data link is bi-directional, allowing the Machine ECM to both receive and send information with the Engine ECM. The Machine ECM also communicates to input and output components that are directly connected to the Switch Panel. The Switch Panel is used to link input and output components to the Machine ECM via the CAN Data Link.

Note: Only the complete ECM is serviced (no lower levels components). The ECM must be replaced if the ECM is damaged. Replace the ECM if a failure is diagnosed.

Pin Locations

The Cat Data Link is used to provide a connection for the service tool for troubleshooting, testing, and calibrations. The data link is bidirectional. The data link allows the ECM to receive information. The data link also allows the ECM to send information.

Table 1
Machine ECM Connector J1 Contact Descriptions(1) 
No.  Type  Pin Description 
Power  +Battery 
Ground  Ground 
Output  Swing Brake Solenoid 
Input  Boom Angle Sensor 
Input  Stick Angle Sensor 
Power  Power Supply for Potentiometer 5V 
11  Input  Left J/S Switch 1 (Upper) 
12  Input  Left J/S Switch 2 (Fore)/Intelligent Hammer Enable Switch 
13  Power  +Battery 
14  Ground  Ground 
16  Input  Boom Up Control Pressure Sensor for Tool Control System 
17  Input  Boom Down Control Pressure Sensor 
18  Ground  Analog Return 
19  Input  ATT Stem 3 Status 
20  Input  ATT Stem 4 Status 
21  Input  Right J/S Switch 1 (Upper) 
22  Input  Right J/S Switch 2 (Fore) 
23  Input  Key Switch 
24  Power  Power Supply for Sensor 24V 
25  Output  Travel Speed Change Solenoid 
26  Input  Stick In Control Pressure Sensor for TCS / UQC 
27  Power  Power Supply for Sensor (8V) 
28  Input  Squeeze Sensor for TCS 
31  Input  Implement Pressure Switch 
32  Input  Bucket Pressure Switch for Crane 
33  Output  Hydraulic Lock Solenoid 
34  Input  Stick Out Control Pressure Sensor for TCS 
35  Input  Swing Control Pressure Sensor 
36  Input  Boom Cylinder Head Pressure Sensor 
37  Input  Boom Cyl Rod Press Sensor for Crane / SMTBM 
38  Input  AUX Pedal 2 Control Pressure Sensor / ATT L Pedal 
39  Input  Straight Travel Pressure Switch 
40  Input  One Touch Low Idle Switch 
41  Input  Foot Switch 
42  Input  Tool 10 Detect Status 
44  Input  Bucket PSC 
45  Input  AUX Pedal 1 Control Pressure Sensor / ATT R Pedal 
46  Input  Bucket Cylinder Head Pressure Sensor 
47  Input  Stick Angle PWM Sensor 
48  Input  Negative Flow Control 1 Pressure Sensor 
49  Input  Negative Flow Control 2 Pressure Sensor 
51  Input  Thumb Wheel - LH/Left J/S Switch 4 
50  Input  Boom Angle PWM Sensor 
52  Input  Thumb Wheel - RH/Right J/S Switch 4 
53  Input  Drive Pump Pressure Sensor 
54  Input  Idler Pump Pressure Sensor 
(1) Contacts that are not listed are not used.

Table 2
Machine ECM Connector J2 Contact Descriptions(1) 
No.  Type  Pin Description 
Output  ATT Stem 1 Extend EPRV / REPRV for TCS 
Output  ATT Line 1 REPRV 
Output  ATT Stem 2 Retract EPRV / REPRV for TCS 
Output  ATT Stem 2 Extend EPRV / REPRV for TCS 
Output  Power Shift Pressure EPRV 
Output  Boom Regeneration REPRV 
11  Input  Boom 2 Up REPRV 
13  Output  ATT Stem 1 Retract EPRV / REPRV for TCS 
16  Input/Output  CAT Data Link - (Speed Sensor Spare) 
19  Ground  PRV Return 
21  Ground  PRV Return 
22  Ground  PRV Return 
23  Output  ATT Line 2 REPRV 
25  Input/Output  CAT Data Link + (Speed Sensor Spare) 
27  Input  Hydraulic Lock Cancel Switch 
29  Output  Boom Up Limit REPRV 
31  Output  ATT Stem 3 Extend EPRV 
34  Output  ATT Stem 3 Retract EPRV 
38  Output  Bucket Out Limit EPRV 
39  Output  Boom Down REPRV for TCS / E-FENCE / SMTBM (S1) 
40  Output  Stick In REPRV for TCS 
41  Output  Stick Out REPRV for TCS 
43  Output  Negative Flow Control 2 Limit EPRV 
45  Input/Output  ATCH CAN (J1939) Data Link + 
46  Input/Output  ATCH CAN (J1939) Data Link - 
47  Input/Output  CAN (J1939) Data Link + 
48  Input/Output  CAN (J1939) Data Link - 
50  Input/Output  Machine CAN Data Link + 
51  Input/Output  Machine CAN Data Link - 
53  Output  Negative Flow Control 1 Limit EPRV 


Illustration 3g02655338
Underside of Soft Switch Panel

Table 3
Switch Panel Connector J1 Contact Descriptions(1) 
No.  Type  Pin Description 
Input  Fuel Level Sensor 
Input  Hydraulic Oil Temperature Sensor 
Ground  Analog Return 
Output  A/C Unit 
Input  Refuel Start Switch 
Input  Capsule Filter Switch Plugged 
Input  Fine Swing Switch 
10  Input  Hydraulic ATT Filter Plugged Switch 
11  Input  Overload Warning Alarm Enable Switch 
12  Input  Water Separator Level Switch 
13  Input  Boom Low Pressure Relief Enable Switch 
15  Input  Crane Cancel Switch for Crane 
17  Input  Hydraulic Oil Level Switch 

Table 4
Switch Panel Connector J2 Contact Descriptions(1) 
No.  Type  Pin Description 
Input/Output  Machine CAN Data Link + 
Input/Output  Machine CAN Data Link - 
Output  Washer 
Output  Wiper Intermittent 3 
Output  Wiper Intermittent 6 
Output  Wiper Low 

Table 5
Switch Panel Connector J3 Contact Descriptions(1) 
No.  Type  Pin Description 
Power  +Battery 
Ground  Ground 
Input  Key Switch 1 
Output  Quick Coupler Hold to Run Solenoid 
Output  Quick Coupler Bypass Cut Solenoid 
Output  Fine Swing Solenoid 
Output  Heavy Lift Solenoid (If equipped) 
Output  Caution Lamp for Crane 
Output  Boom Down ELE Check Solenoid for SMTBM (EC1) 
11  Output  Boom Up ELE Check Solenoid for SMTBM (EC2) 
12  Output  Travel Alarm 
13  Output  Quick Coupler Uncoupling Solenoid 
15  Output  Chassis/Cab Light Relay 
16  Output  Boom Light Relay 
17  Output  Refuel Pump Relay 
19  Output  Alternator R Terminal (P Terminal) 
20  Input  Quick Coupler Unlock Switch 

Inputs

The inputs describe the status of the machine systems. Two types of inputs exist. The inputs can be either a switch type or a sensor type. Switches provide an open, a ground, or a + battery signal to the inputs of the controller. Sensors (frequency, PWM, or voltage) provide a changing signal to the sensor inputs of the controller. The controller will recognize the following types of sensor signals:

Frequency - The sensor will produce an AC signal (sine wave or square wave) that varies in frequency (Hz) as the condition changes.

Pulse Width Modulated - The sensor produces a digital signal and varies the duty cycle as the condition changes. The frequency of the signal will remain constant.

In some cases the operator is provided a manual switch that can be used to change a condition of the machine.

Sensors

Low Pressure Sensors



Illustration 4g02263393

Note: The values in Table 6 are for bench testing only. Values may not represent parameters for machine systems specifications.

Table 6
Operating Pressure  10 MPa 
Supply Voltage  +7V ~ +14V 
Output Signal  500 ± 100 Hz (PWM) 
Output Range  5% ~ 95% 

The low-pressure sensors include:

  • Boom Down Control Pilot Pressure Sensor

  • Swing Control Pressure Sensor

  • Negative Flow Control 1 Pressure Sensor

  • Negative Flow Control 2 Pressure Sensor

High Pressure Sensors



Illustration 5g02263513

Note: The values in Table 7 are for bench testing only. Values may not represent parameters for machine systems specifications.

Table 7
Operating Pressure  50 MPa 
Supply Voltage  +7V ~ +14V 
Output Signal  500 ± 100 Hz (PWM) 
Output Range  5% ~ 95% 

The high-pressure sensors include:

  • Boom Cylinder Head End Pressure Sensor

  • Pump 1 Pressure Sensor (drive pump)

  • Pump 2 Pressure Sensor (idler pump)

Hydraulic Oil Temperature Sensor



Illustration 6g03344952

Note: The values in Table 8 are for bench testing only. Values may not represent parameters for machine systems specifications.

Table 8
Constant Voltage  Temperature  Restance (Ohms) 
12V DC  0° C (32° F)  3268 Ω 
25° C (77° F) 1000 Ω 
35° C (95° F) 653 Ω 
50° C (122° F) 360 Ω 
75° C (167° F) 148 Ω 
100° C (212° F) 68 Ω 
125° C (257° F) 34 Ω 

The temperature sensor for the hydraulic oil informs the ECM of the temperature of the hydraulic oil. The sensor sends an analog signal to the Machine ECM indicating hydraulic oil temperature.

Switches

Pressure Switch



Illustration 7g02332474

Note: The values in Table 9 are for bench testing only. Values may not represent parameters for machine systems specifications.

Table 9
Activation Pressure  490 ± 49 kPa (71 ± 7 psi) 
Deactivation Pressure  294 kPa (43 psi) MIN 
Rating  + 12V ~ +32V
0.01 Amp to 1 Amp 
Pressure Range  0 to 10 MPa 

The pressure switches include:

  • Implement pressure switch

  • Travel pressure switch

Hydraulic Oil Level Switch



Illustration 8g03234397

Note: The values in Table 10 are for bench testing only. Values may not represent parameters for machine systems specifications.

Table 10
Rating  +32V MAX 
Contact Position  Level A - CLOSED
Level B - OPEN 

The hydraulic oil level switch monitors the hydraulic oil in the tank. When the hydraulic oil level is above the normal operating level, the switch OPENS. When the hydraulic oil drops below the normal operating level, the switch CLOSES. This switch is in the normally open position, when the switch is not installed on the machine.

Hydraulic Oil Filter Switch



Illustration 9g03234836

The hydraulic filter switch is a differential pressure switch. The switch measures the pressure differential between the return port at the hydraulic tank and the hydraulic tank pressure. If the pressure differential is greater than the specification the switch OPENS. A "Hydraulic Return Filter Plugged" warning message will be displayed on the monitor.

One Touch Low Idle Switch



Illustration 10g02655636
Standard Right Joystick (1-Button)
(1) One Touch Low Idle Switch
(2) One Touch Low Idle Switch Connections


Illustration 11g02658859
Optional Right Joystick (3-Button, Trigger Switch) and Schematic Symbol
(1) One Touch Low Idle Switch (SW-3)
(2) One Touch Low Idle Switch (SW-3) Connections

Note: SW-2 is a trigger switch and is not shown in Illustration 11.

The one touch low idle switch (1) is located on the top or on the front of the right joystick (see Illustrations 10 and 11). The one touch low idle switch will automatically reduce engine speed to 1150 RPM. Both the right and the left joysticks must be in the neutral position before the engine speed is reduced.

Horn Switch



Illustration 12g03230240
Left Joystick (2-button, Slide, Trigger Switch)
(1) Horn Switch (SW-3)
(2) Horn Switch (SW-3) Connections

When horn switch is depressed, power is sent to the horn relay. The horn relay sends power to the horn.

Right Side Control Panel

Note: Your machine may not be equipped with all of the controls that are described in this topic.



Illustration 13g02774877
Right Side Control Panel
(1) Engine speed control
(2) Power mode
(3) Travel speed control
(4) Automatic engine speed control (AEC)
(5) Travel alarm switch
(6) Work tool control
(7) Heavy lift control (Not Equipped)
(8) Window washer
(9) Window wiper
(10) Light switch
(11) Rear view camera
(12) Quick coupler control
(13) Empty
(14) Radio mute
(15) Lower window wiper
(16) Lower window washer
(17A) Boom pressure control switch
(17B) Fine swing control
(18) Overload warning device

(1)" Engine Speed Dial Control Switch" This switch is used for the selection of the engine speed. The position of the engine speed dial is indicated on the operator monitor. Engine speed dial (1) is a 10 - -position switch. The selected position is displayed on operator monitor.

(2)" Power Mode" This switch is used for the selection of the power mode. The power mode can be changed from high hydraulic power to standard power to economy mode. The monitor will indicate the mode that is selected.



Illustration 14g02160606
High Power Mode


Illustration 15g02160607
Standard Power Mode


Illustration 16g02160612
Economy Power Mode

(3)" Travel Speed Control" This switch is used to select the travel speed of the machine. When the LOW SPEED position is selected, the "turtle" indicator will illuminate. When AUTO position is selected, the "rabbit" indicator will illuminate. When the engine start switch is on, the travel speed control switch is always set at the LOW SPEED position.

(4)" Automatic Engine Speed Control" This switch is used for selection of the Automatic Engine Speed Control (AEC). The AEC system operates in three modes. The AEC automatically reduces engine speed when the machine is inactive. The AEC system will be inoperable while the backup switch of the electronic controller system is in the MAN position.

(5)" Travel Alarm Cancel Switch" This switch is used to stop the travel alarm from sounding. Press the switch in order to stop the alarm. The indicator lamp will turn on. The travel alarm will sound when the travel lever or the travel pedal is activated.

(6)" Work Tool Control" This switch is used for tool selection on machines with the optional tool control system. When this switch is activated, a tool selection menu is displayed on the monitor and tool options can be selected. Press the switch repeatedly in order to change the selected work tool.

(8)" Window Washer" As long as this switch is depressed, the window washer fluid will spray from the nozzle. The window wiper will also operate while the switch is depressed.

(9)" Window Wiper" Press this switch one time to activate the long window wiper interval function. Press this switch a second time to activate a short interval window wiper function. Press this switch three times to activate a continuous window wiper function. Press this switch a fourth time the window wiper function is stopped.

(10)" Light Switch" Press this switch once to active the work light mounted on the chassis and the work lights mounted on the cab. Press this switch a second time to active the work light mounted on the chassis, the work lights mounted on the cab, and the work lights mounted on the boom. When the switch is pushed a third time, all of the work lights are off.

(11)" Rear View Camera" If equipped, this switch is used to toggle the images that are shown on the monitor in the cab. The camera is mounted on the rear of the counterweight.

Key Start Switch



Illustration 17g02140333
Key Start Switch

The key start switch is an input of the engine and pump controller. The key start switch informs the ECM of an attempt to start the engine. Then, the ECM initiates the start procedure.

The starting switch is a four position switch, and connects the battery supply terminal B to the other terminals.

Usually the position of the switch is the OFF position. At this time the connected terminals are the B and C terminals only.

When the switch is in the ON position, the connected terminals are B and R only. The keyswitch will remain in this position without handling.

When the switch is in the Start position, the connected terminals are B, R, and S. The keyswitch must be handled to remain in this position.

When the keyswitch is in the EMERGENCY STOP position, the connected terminals are B and A only. The keyswitch must be handled to remain in this position.

During normal machine operation, the start terminal of the key start switch is open. If the key start switch is placed in the START position, the start terminal will close. +Battery voltage is supplied to the start terminal. When all starting conditions are satisfied, the ECM sends a +battery signal to the start relay and engine cranking begins.

Note: After the key start switch is initially turned to the START position, the switch will not return to the START position from the ON position. The switch must be turned to the OFF position first. Then, the switch can be turned to the START position.

Outputs

The ECM responds to decisions by sending electrical signals to the outputs. The outputs can create an action or the outputs can provide information to the operator or the service technician.

Solenoids

On/Off Solenoids



Illustration 18g01158530

Note: The values in Table 11 are for bench testing only. Values may not represent parameters for machine systems specifications.

Table 11
Rated Voltage  24 VDC 
Coil Resistance  41.5 ± 2.0 Ω (T=20° C) 

The On/Off solenoid in Illustration 18 includes:

  • Swing brake solenoid

  • Travel speed solenoid

  • Hydraulic lock solenoid

Proportional Reducing Solenoid Valve



Illustration 19g02703776

Note: The values in Table 12 are for bench testing only. Values may not represent parameters for machine systems specifications.

Table 12
Current Range  0 mA ~ 700 mA 
Coil Resistance  15.0 ± 0.7 Ω (T=20° C) 


Illustration 20g02263554
A - Port pressure (kPa) vs Current (mA)

The proportional reducing solenoid valve is used on machines equipped with tool control. The P-Port is blocked and does not allow pressure to the A-port. Therefore, the machine ECM must apply current to the PRV in order to sent pressure to the A-port of the PRV.

The PRV's include:

  • Negative Flow Control 1 Limit PRV

  • Negative Flow Control 2 Limit PRV

  • Power Shift Pressure PRV

Reverse Proportional Reducing Solenoid Valve



Illustration 21g02304374
Valve cutaway, hydraulic schematic symbol, and electrical connector designation

Note: The values in Table 13 are for bench testing only. Values may not represent parameters for machine systems specifications.

Table 13
Current Range  0 mA ~ 700 mA 
Coil Resistance  15.0 ± 0.7 Ω (T=20° C) 


Illustration 22g02304414

Reverse PRV's have the P-port open to the A-port with no current applied. Therefore, the machine ECM applies current to the PRV in order to decrease the pressure at the A-port.

The reverse PRV's include:

  • Boom Regeneration PRV

Data Link

Cat Data Link



Illustration 23g02694217
Schematic of the “Cat Data Link” Circuit

The Cat Data Link is an input and an output of the Machine ECM. The Cat Data Link connects to the Machine ECM at connector contact J2-16 and J2-25. The data link is designed to carry communications between the controller and the monitor. The data link is not a visible component. The data link consists of internal control circuits and a harness wiring. The data link is bidirectional. The controller can receive information and the controller can send information through the data link. The controller sends information about the fuel level, temperature of the engine coolant, and many other signals to the monitor panel.

CAN Data Link



Illustration 24g02694576
Schematic of the "CAN Data Link" Circuit

The CAN data link is used for communication between the following modules: Machine ECM, Switch Panel and Monitor. Two 120 Ohm terminating resistors must be installed in the wiring harness in order for the CAN data link to function properly.

Action Alarm

The action alarm SOUNDS in order to alert the operator when a high emergency condition is present. For example, the engine oil pressure decreases below a set value.

Travel Alarm

The travel alarm SOUNDS in order to alert the area that the machine is moving.

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