The CAN data link is used by the ECM to communicate with controllers, display modules, and electronic service tools. The ECM transmits information and the ECM receives information over the CAN data link. The communications protocol and the diagnostic messages over the CAN data link follow the SAE J1939 industrial standards.
Note: The SAE J1939 industrial standards refer to the control module for the engine as the Electronic Control Unit (ECU). This manual refers to this control module as the Electronic Control Module (ECM).
Communications with electronic service tools aid the technician in diagnostics and troubleshooting for the engine and the engine subsystems. When a problem with the engine is detected by the ECM, the ECM communicates information about the problem over the CAN data link. The problem may be physically detected by one of the input or output circuits by the ECM. A problem can also be communicated via the data link to the ECM. The ECM transmits this information over the data link in a form of a diagnostic trouble code and code description.
The diagnostic trouble code has a format of a two-element code. The following terms describe the elements of the code:
Suspect Parameter Number (SPN) - The SPN is a code which is assigned to each component. The SPN identifies the origin of the problem.
Failure Mode Identifier (FMI) - The FMI is used with the SPN in order to provide more information that relates to the problem. The FMI may indicate that a problem with an electronic circuit or an electronic component has been detected. The FMI may also indicate that an abnormal operating condition has been detected.
The codes are displayed in the form “SPN-FMI”. The ECM also attaches a text description to the message that is transmitted over the data link. This text description is used to describe the SPN-FMI code.
The failure mode identifiers can be divided into two categories:
- Codes that indicate that a problem with an electronic circuit or an electronic component has been detected
- Codes that indicate that an engine event or a system event has been detected
The failure mode of the fault is determined by evaluating the electronic signal from the suspect circuit. Typically, the first category of code is generated when the signal for the circuit is outside the range of the sensor. The second category of code is an engine event. An engine event indicates that the sensor signal is OK, but the signal is outside the normal operating range of the engine parameter. Illustration 1 is an example that represents the evaluation of a sensor signal by the ECM.
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| Illustration 1 | g01950177 |
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Example of the typical electrical signal of a sensor (1) This area represents the normal operating range of the engine parameter. (2) In these areas, the engine is operating in an unsafe operating range of the monitored parameter. A diagnostic code that indicates an engine event will be generated for the monitored parameter. The sensor circuit does not have an electronic problem. Refer to Systems Operation, "Engine Monitoring System" for additional information that is related to engine events. (3) In these areas, the signal from the sensor is outside of the operating range of the sensor. The sensor circuit has an electronic problem. A diagnostic trouble code that indicates that a problem with the circuit has been detected will be generated. | |
When you troubleshoot a diagnostic trouble code, be sure to evaluate the problem from the viewpoint of an interpretation of the electrical signal. Refer to the above illustration for an evaluation of the sensor signal.
Cross-Reference Information for Diagnostic Codes
Table 1 is a list of the diagnostic codes for this engine. The diagnostic codes are cross-referenced with the appropriate procedure that can be used to troubleshoot the code.
Portions of this material are reprinted with permission from SAE J1939DA_201607© 2016 SAE International. SAE International is not responsible for any use or translation of this material, in whole or in part. Please contact SAE International to obtain a complete copy of SAE J1939DA_201607, the official definitive source of this standard.
| Cross-Reference from Diagnostic Trouble Codes to Troubleshooting Procedure | |
| J1939 Code and Description | Troubleshooting Procedure |
| 29-8 Accelerator Pedal Position #2 : Abnormal Frequency, Pulse Width, or Period | Troubleshooting, "Speed Control - Test" |
| 52-3 Engine Intercooler Temperature : Voltage Above Normal | Troubleshooting, "Sensor Signal (Analog, Passive) - Test" |
| 52-4 Engine Intercooler Temperature : Voltage Below Normal | |
| 91-8 Accelerator Pedal Position #1 : Abnormal Frequency, Pulse Width, or Period | Troubleshooting, "Speed Control - Test"
Or Troubleshooting, "Direct Fuel Control Mode - Test" |
| 100-3 Engine Oil Pressure : Voltage Above Normal | Troubleshooting, "Sensor Signal (Analog, Active) - Test" |
| 100-4 Engine Oil Pressure : Voltage Below Normal | |
| 100-14 Engine Oil Pressure : Special Instruction | This diagnostic 100-14 will come when minimum oil pressure threshold 20 kPa is not built within the prelube duration. If the oil pressure is less than 20 kPa, will cause 100-14. |
| 101-3 Engine Crankcase Pressure : Voltage Above Normal | Troubleshooting, "Sensor Signal (Analog, Active) - Test" |
| 101-4 Engine Crankcase Pressure : Voltage Below Normal | |
| 105-3 Engine Intake Manifold #1 Temperature : Voltage Above Normal | Troubleshooting, "Sensor Signal (Analog, Passive) - Test" |
| 105-4 Engine Intake Manifold #1 Temperature : Voltage Below Normal | |
| 108-3 Barometric Pressure : Voltage Above Normal | Troubleshooting, "Sensor Signal (Analog, Active) - Test" |
| 108-4 Barometric Pressure : Voltage Below Normal | |
| 110-3 Engine Coolant Temperature : Voltage Above Normal | Troubleshooting, "Sensor Signal (Analog, Passive) - Test" |
| 110-4 Engine Coolant Temperature : Voltage Below Normal | |
| 127-3 Transmission Oil Pressure : Voltage Above Normal | Troubleshooting, "Sensor Signal (Analog, Active) - Test" |
| 127-4 Transmission Oil Pressure : Voltage Below Normal | |
| 168-3 Battery Potential / Power Input 1 : Voltage Above Normal | Troubleshooting, "Electrical Power Supply - Test" |
| 168-4 Battery Potential / Power Input 1 : Voltage Below Normal | |
| 172-3 Engine Air Inlet Temperature : Voltage Above Normal | Troubleshooting, "Sensor Signal (Analog, Passive) - Test" |
| 172-4 Engine Air Inlet Temperature : Voltage Below Normal | |
| 175-3 Engine Oil Temperature 1 : Voltage Above Normal | Troubleshooting, "Sensor Signal (Analog, Passive) - Test" |
| 175-4 Engine Oil Temperature 1 : Voltage Below Normal | |
| 177-3 Transmission Oil Temperature : Voltage Above Normal | Troubleshooting, "Sensor Signal (Analog, Passive) - Test" |
| 177-4 Transmission Oil Temperature : Voltage Below Normal | |
| 190-8 Engine Speed : Abnormal Frequency, Pulse Width, or Period | Troubleshooting, "Speed/Timing - Test" |
| 561-9 TCS/ASR Engine Control Active : Abnormal Update Rate | Troubleshooting, "Data Link - Test" |
| 630-2 Calibration Memory : Erratic, Intermittent, or Incorrect | Troubleshooting, "Configuration Parameters" |
| 631-2 Calibration Module : Erratic, Intermittent, or Incorrect | Troubleshooting, "ECM Software - Install" |
| 639-9 J1939 Network #1 : Abnormal Update Rate | Troubleshooting, "Data Link - Test" |
| 651-5 Engine Injector Cylinder #01 : Current Below Normal | Troubleshooting, "Injector Solenoid - Test" |
| 651-6 Engine Injector Cylinder #01 : Current Above Normal | |
| 652-5 Engine Injector Cylinder #02 : Current Below Normal | Troubleshooting, "Injector Solenoid - Test" |
| 652-6 Engine Injector Cylinder #02 : Current Above Normal | |
| 653-5 Engine Injector Cylinder #03 : Current Below Normal | Troubleshooting, "Injector Solenoid - Test" |
| 653-6 Engine Injector Cylinder #03 : Current Above Normal | |
| 654-5 Engine Injector Cylinder #04 : Current Below Normal | Troubleshooting, "Injector Solenoid - Test" |
| 654-6 Engine Injector Cylinder #04 : Current Above Normal | |
| 655-5 Engine Injector Cylinder #05 : Current Below Normal | Troubleshooting, "Injector Solenoid - Test" |
| 655-6 Engine Injector Cylinder #05 : Current Above Normal | |
| 656-5 Engine Injector Cylinder #06 : Current Below Normal | Troubleshooting, "Injector Solenoid - Test" |
| 656-6 Engine Injector Cylinder #06 : Current Above Normal | |
| 657-5 Engine Injector Cylinder #07 : Current Below Normal | Troubleshooting, "Injector Solenoid - Test" |
| 657-6 Engine Injector Cylinder #07 : Current Above Normal | |
| 658-5 Engine Injector Cylinder #08 : Current Below Normal | Troubleshooting, "Injector Solenoid - Test" |
| 658-6 Engine Injector Cylinder #08 : Current Above Normal | |
| 659-5 Engine Injector Cylinder #09 : Current Below Normal | Troubleshooting, "Injector Solenoid - Test" |
| 659-6 Engine Injector Cylinder #09 : Current Above Normal | |
| 660-5 Engine Injector Cylinder #10 : Current Below Normal | Troubleshooting, "Injector Solenoid - Test" |
| 660-6 Engine Injector Cylinder #10 : Current Above Normal | |
| 661-5 Engine Injector Cylinder #11 : Current Below Normal | Troubleshooting, "Injector Solenoid - Test" |
| 661-6 Engine Injector Cylinder #11 : Current Above Normal | |
| 662-5 Engine Injector Cylinder #12 : Current Below Normal | Troubleshooting, "Injector Solenoid - Test" |
| 662-6 Engine Injector Cylinder #12 : Current Above Normal | |
| 663-5 Engine Injector Cylinder #13 : Current Below Normal
3516 Only |
Troubleshooting, "Injector Solenoid - Test" |
| 663-6 Engine Injector Cylinder #13 : Current Above Normal
3516 Only |
|
| 664-5 Engine Injector Cylinder #14 : Current Below Normal
3516 Only |
Troubleshooting, "Injector Solenoid - Test" |
| 664-6 Engine Injector Cylinder #14 : Current Above Normal
3516 Only |
|
| 665-5 Engine Injector Cylinder #15 : Current Below Normal
3516 Only |
Troubleshooting, "Injector Solenoid - Test" |
| 665-6 Engine Injector Cylinder #15 : Current Above Normal
3516 Only |
|
| 666-5 Engine Injector Cylinder #16 : Current Below Normal
3516 Only |
Troubleshooting, "Injector Solenoid - Test" |
| 666-6 Engine Injector Cylinder #16 : Current Above Normal
3516 Only |
|
| 677-5 Engine Starter Motor Relay : Current Below Normal | Troubleshooting, "Starting - Test" |
| 677-6 Engine Starter Motor Relay : Current Above Normal | |
| 678-3 ECU 8 Volts DC Supply : Voltage Above Normal | Troubleshooting, "Sensor Supply - Test" |
| 678-4 ECU 8 Volts DC Supply : Voltage Below Normal | |
| 723-8 Engine Speed Sensor #2 : Abnormal Frequency, Pulse Width, or Period | Troubleshooting, "Speed/Timing - Test" |
| 970-2 Engine Auxiliary Engine Shutdown Switch : Erratic, Intermittent, or Incorrect | Troubleshooting, "Emergency Stop - Test" |
| 1176-3 Engine Turbocharger 1 Compressor Inlet Pressure : Voltage Above Normal | Troubleshooting, "Sensor Signal (Analog, Active) - Test" |
| 1176-4 Engine Turbocharger 1 Compressor Inlet Pressure : Voltage Below Normal | |
| 1177-3 Engine Turbocharger 2 Compressor Inlet Pressure : Voltage Above Normal | Troubleshooting, "Sensor Signal (Analog, Active) - Test" |
| 1177-4 Engine Turbocharger 2 Compressor Inlet Pressure : Voltage Below Normal | |
| 1180-3 Engine Turbocharger 1 Turbine Inlet Temperature : Voltage Above Normal | Troubleshooting, "Sensor Signal (PWM) - Test" |
| 1180-4 Engine Turbocharger 1 Turbine Inlet Temperature : Voltage Below Normal | |
| 1180-8 Engine Turbocharger 1 Turbine Inlet Temperature : Abnormal Frequency, Pulse Width, or Period | |
| 1181-3 Engine Turbocharger 2 Turbine Inlet Temperature : Voltage Above Normal | Troubleshooting, "Sensor Signal (PWM) - Test" |
| 1181-4 Engine Turbocharger 2 Turbine Inlet Temperature : Voltage Below Normal | |
| 1181-8 Engine Turbocharger 2 Turbine Inlet Temperature : Abnormal Frequency, Pulse Width, or Period | |
| 1208-3 Engine Pre-filter Oil Pressure : Voltage Above Normal | Troubleshooting, "Sensor Signal (Analog, Active) - Test" |
| 1208-4 Engine Pre-filter Oil Pressure : Voltage Below Normal | |
| 1237-31 Engine Shutdown Override Switch | The monitoring system override switch has been activated.
Engine shutdowns will be prevented when this event is active. The following event will not be overridden: 190 Engine Overspeed event codes If an electrical problem with the switch or with the switch circuit is suspected, Refer to "Troubleshooting""Switch Circuits - Test". |
| 2813-5 Engine Air Shutoff Command Status : Current Below Normal | Troubleshooting, "Air Shutoff- Test" |
| 2813-6 Engine Air Shutoff Command Status : Current Above Normal | |
| 3509-3 Sensor Supply Voltage 1 : Voltage Above Normal | Troubleshooting, "Sensor Supply - Test" |
| 3509-4 Sensor Supply Voltage 1 : Voltage Below Normal | |
| 3510-3 Sensor Supply Voltage 2 : Voltage Above Normal | Troubleshooting, "Sensor Supply - Test" |
| 3510-4 Sensor Supply Voltage 2 : Voltage Below Normal | |
| 3563-3 Engine Intake Manifold #1 Absolute Pressure : Voltage Above Normal | Troubleshooting, "Sensor Signal (Analog, Active) - Test" |
| 3563-4 Engine Intake Manifold #1 Absolute Pressure : Voltage Below Normal | |
| 4210-5 Engine Pre-lube Drive : Current Below Normal | Troubleshooting, "Prelubrication - Test" |
| 4210-6 Engine Pre-lube Drive : Current Above Normal | |
| 5578-3 Engine Fuel Delivery Absolute Pressure : Voltage Above Normal | Troubleshooting, "Sensor Signal (Analog, Active) - Test" |
| 5578-4 Engine Fuel Delivery Absolute Pressure : Voltage Below Normal | |
| 5580-3 Engine Filtered Fuel Delivery Absolute Pressure : Voltage Above Normal | Troubleshooting, "Sensor Signal (Analog, Active) - Test" |
| 5580-4 Engine Filtered Fuel Delivery Absolute Pressure : Voltage Below Normal | |
Active Diagnostic Trouble Codes
An active diagnostic trouble code indicated that a problem with the electronic control system exists at this time. Correct the problem as soon as possible.
When the ECM generates an active diagnostic trouble code, the amber warning lamp is illuminated in order to alert the operator. If the condition that generated the code is momentary, the warning lamp is turned off and the diagnostic trouble code becomes logged.
Logged Diagnostic Trouble Codes
When the ECM generates a diagnostic trouble code, the ECM logs the code in permanent memory. The ECM has an internal diagnostic clock. The ECM records the following information when a code is generated:
- The hour of the first occurrence of the code
- The hour of the last occurrence of the code
- The number of occurrences of the code
This information is a valuable indicator for troubleshooting intermittent problems.
A code is cleared from memory when one of the following conditions occur:
- The service technician manually clears the code.
- The code does not recur for 100 hours.
- A new code is logged and there are already ten codes in memory. In this case, the oldest code is cleared.
Some diagnostic trouble codes may be easily triggered. Some diagnostic trouble codes may log occurrences that did not result in complaints by the operator. The most likely cause of an intermittent problem is a faulty connection or damaged wiring. The next likely cause is a component failure. The least likely cause is the failure of the control module. Diagnostic trouble codes that are logged repeatedly may indicate a problem that needs special investigation.
Note: Always clear logged diagnostic trouble codes after investigating and correcting the problem which generated the code.