3406E and 3456 Generator Set Engines Caterpillar


Engine Speed/Timing Sensor - Calibrate

Usage:

3406E 8AZ
System Operation Description:

Use this procedure if any of the following conditions exist:

  • The Electronic Control Module (ECM) has been replaced.

  • 261-13 Engine Timing calibration required.

  • Work has been performed on the engine drive train (front).

The engine speed/timing sensors provide information to the ECM by generating pulse signals as the timing reference ring rotates past the magnetic pickups on the sensor.

The secondary engine speed/timing sensor provides continuous operation of the engine if the primary engine speed/timing sensor fails. The loss of signals from both engine speed/timing sensors will prevent the ECM from actuating the injectors. To prevent any unnecessary down time, repair any problems with the speed/timing circuit at the earliest possible convenience.

The engine speed/timing sensors are magnetic sensors that provide a frequency that is directly proportional to engine speed (rpm). A unique tooth on the timing reference ring passes by the engine speed/timing sensor. The engine speed/timing sensor produces a duty cycle output. This duty cycle provides the ECM with information on the crankshaft position.

Timing calibration is accomplished by installing a special magnetic pickup into the side of the engine block and performing the "Timing Calibration" on the Caterpillar Electronic Technician (ET). The magnetic pickup senses a special slot on the crankshaft counterweight. The magnetic pickup is connected to the ECM through the J26/P26 timing calibration connector. The connector is located near the ECM on the engine harness.

Note: Performing a timing calibration will not increase the available engine power. Do not expect an increase in power due to the performance of the timing calibration.



Illustration 1g00798969
Installation of the TC probe on 3406E and 3456 Engines

Table 1
Required Special Tools 
Part Number  Description 
6V-2197  Transducer 
7X-1695  Cable 
7X-1171  Transducer Adapter 
9S-9082  Engine Turning Tool 

Test Step 1. INSTALL THE 7X-1171 TRANSDUCER ADAPTER

  1. Turn the Engine Control Switch (ECS) to the OFF/RESET position.

  2. Use the 9S-9082 Engine Turning Tool to put either the No. 1 piston or the No. 6 piston at top center. After the top center position has been located, rotate the engine in the opposite direction of normal engine rotation for 60 degrees.

    Note: Normal engine rotation is counterclockwise as the engine is viewed from the flywheel end. Refer to Illustration 1.

  3. Remove the timing calibration plug from the cylinder block.

    If the 3406E and 3456 engines are viewed from the flywheel end of the engine, the timing calibration plug is located on the left side in the No. 1 cylinder rod pocket. Refer to Illustration 1.

  4. Install the 7X-1171 Transducer Adapter into the hole for the plug.

Results:

  • OK - Proceed to Test Step 2.

Test Step 2. INSTALL THE 6V-2197 TRANSDUCER ON THE ENGINE


    NOTICE

    If the crankshaft is not in the correct position when the 6V-2197 Timing Calibration Probe is installed, the probe will be damaged when the engine is started.


  1. Install a 2D-6392 O-Ring Seal on the end of the 6V-2197 Transducer. To slide the O-ring seal onto the transducer more easily, apply clean engine oil to the O-ring seal.

  2. Push the transducer through the 7X-1171 Transducer Adapter until the transducer contacts the outermost portion of the crankshaft counterweight.

  3. Withdraw the transducer 1.0 mm (0.04 inch) and hand tighten the nut on the adapter sleeve in order to secure the transducer. Move the O-ring seal downward against the adapter.

  4. Connect the 7X-1695 Cable to the transducer.

    Note: Do not connect the 7X-1695 Cable to P26 speed/timing calibration connector until you are ready to perform the timing calibration. If the timing probe is connected to P26 and Cat ET is not in the "Monitor/Calibrate Timing" screen, diagnostic codes may be logged.

Results:

    Continue to the next test step.

Test Step 3. START THE ENGINE AND CHECK FOR DIAGNOSTIC CODES

  1. Connect Cat ET to the service tool connector.

  2. Start the engine and run the engine at low idle until the engine is at the correct operating temperature.

  3. Check for active diagnostic codes.

    The engine must not have any active diagnostic codes during the timing calibration except for a 261-13 Engine Timing Calibration required.

Expected Result:

There are no active diagnostic codes or there is only an active 261-13.

Results:

  • OK - There are no active diagnostic codes or there is only an active 261-13. Proceed to Test Step 4.

  • Not OK - There is at least one active code that is not 261-13.

    Repair: Use the procedures in this manual to troubleshoot and repair any active diagnostic codes before attempting the calibration procedure.

    STOP

Test Step 4. CALIBRATE THE SPEED/TIMING SENSOR

  1. After the engine has reached the correct operating temperature, set the engine speed to 1100 ± 50 rpm.

    The engine speed must be steady within this rpm range in order to successfully perform a timing calibration.

  2. After the engine has warmed up, access the "Timing Calibration" screen on Cat ET. Access the following display screens in order:

    • "Service"

    • "Calibrations"

    • "Timing Calibration"

  3. To calibrate the timing to the correct setting, select "Continue" on Cat ET. Wait until Cat ET indicates that the timing is "CALIBRATED".

Expected Result:

The timing calibration procedure was completed successfully.

Results:

  • OK - The timing calibration procedure was completed successfully. Proceed to Test Step 5.

  • Not OK -

    Repair: Perform the following procedure:

    1. Recheck the tool installation and tool operation and try the calibration procedure again. If the crankshaft and camshaft gears have been reassembled incorrectly, the timing will not calibrate.

    2. Verify that the engine speed is stable during the testing (± 50 rpm). If the engine speed was unstable or the engine speed could not be controlled within ± 50 rpm because of mechanical factors or of electrical factors, refer to Troubleshooting, "Engine Misfires, Runs Rough or Is Unstable".

    3. If all of the problems have been corrected but the timing can not be calibrated, check the cable of the 6V-2197 Transducer and check the transducer in order to verify that the transducer is not bent. If the 6V-2197 Transducer is not bent, try the calibration procedure again. If the transducer is bent, obtain another transducer and try the calibration procedure again.

    STOP

Test Step 5. DISCONNECT THE 7X-1695 CABLE BEFORE EXITING THE "TIMING CALIBRATION" SCREEN ON CAT ET

  1. Reduce the engine speed to low idle.

  2. Disconnect the 7X-1695 Cable from the 170-3519 Harness.

  3. Exit the "Timing Calibration" screen on Cat ET.

  4. Turn the ECS to the STOP position. Remove the 6V-2197 Transducer and remove the 7X-1171 Transducer Adapter from the timing calibration port. Reinstall the plug into the timing calibration port.

Expected Result:

The timing probe was disconnected before exiting the "Timing Calibration" screen on Cat ET.

Results:

  • OK - STOP

  • Not OK - If the timing probe is still connected to the ECM after exiting the "Timing Calibration" screen on Cat ET, additional diagnostic codes may be generated.

    Repair: If additional diagnostic codes are generated, clear the diagnostic codes.

    STOP

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